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Geography > Theme 1 - Settlement - Urbanisation > Flashcards

Theme 1 - Settlement - Urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

difference between urban growth and urbanisation

A
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2
Q

rural depopulation definition

A
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3
Q

rural high dependency ratio

A
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4
Q

rural service closures

A
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5
Q

favela definition

A
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6
Q

location of favelas in cities

A
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7
Q

types of land used in favelas

A
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8
Q

economic favela factors

A
  • unemployment
  • informal sector
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9
Q

social favela factors

A
  • water supply / scarcity
  • healthcare
  • education
  • energy
  • crime
  • lack of services e.g. transport
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10
Q

illegal housing definition

A
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11
Q

environmental favela factors

A
  • traffic congestion
  • air pollution
  • water pollution
  • waste pollution
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12
Q

urbanisation strategies

barrio projects

A
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13
Q

urbanisation strategies

recycling-for-healthy-food schemes

A
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14
Q

urbanisation strategies

olympic investment

A
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15
Q

urbanisation strategies

street art and ownership

A
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16
Q

urbanisation strategies

community leadership / police relations

17
Q

urbanisation strategies

sanitation

18
Q

CASE STUDY: Urbanisation in RIO DE JANEIRO

Introduction

A
  • Western coast of Brazil
  • Official population of 6.5 million
  • Actually closer to 13 million due to illegal settlements
  • Over 20% of population live in over 1000 favelas
19
Q

CASE STUDY: Urbanisation in RIO DE JANEIRO

Causes - Push Factors

A
  • 2010-2015: NE Brazilian states suffered large drought, making many farmers bankrupt
  • River Negro and Madeira drying up: insufficient water
  • Para state suffered forest fires
  • 6.8m Brazilians interally displaced by natural disasters
20
Q

CASE STUDY: Urbanisation in RIO DE JANEIRO

Causes - Pull Factors

A
  • Rio sits on Guanabara Bay: deep sea port that generates international trade
  • 88% of Brazilians live in cities, so rural dwellers most likely know someone who can settle them into city life
  • Brazil has GNI coefficient of 0.54
21
Q

CASE STUDY: Urbanisation in RIO DE JANEIRO

Impacts

A
  • Domestic crops rising in price as rural areas arent focusing on farming
  • 65% of Rio’s population growth comes from rural-urban migration
  • The poorest 17% of Rio’s population live on 6.5% of the land -> outskirts of the city
  • Those labeled ‘Sertanejo’ (rural backgrounds) find it harder to get jobs in Rio
22
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Introduction

A
  • Western coast of Brazil
  • Official population of 6.5 million
  • Actually closer to 13 million due to illegal settlements
  • Over 20% of population live in over 1000 favelas
23
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Causes - Push Factors

A
  • 2010-2015: NE Brazilian states suffered large drought, making many farmers bankrupt
  • River Negro and Madeira drying up: insufficient water
  • Para state suffered forest fires
  • 6.8m Brazilians interally displaced by natural disasters
24
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Causes - Pull Factors

A
  • Rio sits on Guanabara Bay: deep sea port that generates international trade
  • 88% of Brazilians live in cities, so rural dwellers most likely know someone who can settle them into city life
  • Brazil has GNI coefficient of 0.54
25
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Social Impacts

A
  • Rocinha (oldest favela in Rio) holds 150,000 people
  • 2007: 1 in 5 Rio citizens live in favelas, 7 million unit housing shortage
  • 13.7% of Rio citizens don’t have access to sewage collection
26
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Economic Impacts

A
  • 2 million of Rio’s 13 million inhabitants live on less than $2.15 a day
  • 1/3 of housing is 40km away from CBD
  • Many roads to favelas are unusable by big vehicles, so public transport cannot be provided
  • this makes it hard to get a job
27
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Environmental Impacts

A
  • 2015: 37% of piped water in Rio is lost to old pipes and illegal access
  • 2020: 13% of Rio citizens dont have access to sufficient water
  • High crime rate on public transport = 40% increase in private vehicles -> traffic congestion and air pollution
  • Half of Rio’s wastewater is not treated
  • 400 dolphins in Guanabara bay in 1980s has decreased to just 30
28
Q

CASE STUDY: Squatter Settlements in RIO DE JANEIRO

Responses

A
  • Government built new suburbs away from city centre
  • new HEP dam built to replenish power supply by 30%
  • ‘Sweat equity’ movement -> favela citizens get land rights and cash for building their own homes
  • Yellow expressway built as a toll road to ease congestion -> 40% less traffic on inner city roads
  • Rio Niteroi bridge connects suburbs across Guanabara bay

Geography (15 decks)

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