Theme 3 - Food Production Flashcards
Farming Types
arable
farms growing grain & crops such as wheat
Farming Types
pastoral
farms raising livestock such as cows
Farming Types
nomadic
where farmers move their livestock from one grazing area to another
Farming Types
sedentary
where the same land is farmed year after year in a single location
Farming Types
plantation
where a single crop is grown on a large area of land
Farming Types
monoculture
growing a single crop or type of animal in a specific area
Farming Types
crop-rotation / shifting cultivation
- clearing a plot of land (usually forest)
- it’s used for a few years
- as soil fertility declines, it’s abandoned
- farmers move to new plot
also known as “slash and burn”
Farming Types
capital intensive
agriculture that uses a large amount of capital and land to increase productivity
Farming Types
labour intensive
agriculture that requires a large amount of human labor relative to the size of the land
Farming Types
extensive
farming that uses large areas of land with relatively small amounts of resources
Farming Types
commercial
farming for profit, instead of the farmer’s own consumption
Farming Types
subsistence
farming for the farmer’s own consumption, instead of for profit
Food Production Systems
inputs
things which are put into the farming system
e.g. labour, capital (money), seeds & livestock
Food Production Systems
pesticides
substances used to control, destroy, or repel pests in food production
Food Production Systems
fertiliser
substances that are applied to crops to increase their productivity and yield
they supply crops with nutrients
Food Production Systems
processes
the main activities that take place on the farm to convert the inputs into outputs
Food Production Systems
outputs
the products obtained after the inputs are processed in the farming system
e.g. capital (money), manure, meat
physical factors affecting farm types
- climate (temperature & rainfall)
- seasonality
- relief
- soil type
human factors affecting farming types
- capital investment
- labour availability
- market location
- transport costs
- government policies
definitions
subsidy
provide farmers with financial support that can reduce their operational costs, allowing them to produce crops that may otherwise be unprofitable
definitions
specialisation
when a region or country focuses on producing a specific type of food or a few types of food
definitions
GM
= genetically modified
crops that have had their DNA altered through scientific engineering
physical causes of food shortages
- climate (rainfall & temp)
- natural disasters
definitions
flood
An overflow of water onto normally dry land
definitions
drought
a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle
human causes of food shortages
- soil erosion
- rural poverty
- civil unrest
- population growth
- poor transport infrastructure
impacts of food shortages
- malnutrition
- civil unrest
- weak immune systems
- increased infant mortality rate
- increase in diseases
management/solutions for food shortages
- emergency aid/food aid
- food for work schemes
- intercropping (fish between rice)
- mechanisation
CASE STUDY: Subsistence Farming in BANGLADESH
Introduction
- one of the highest population densities in the world
- 158 million people
- half of population work inagriculture
CASE STUDY: Subsistence Farming in BANGLADESH
inputs
- climate with plenty of rain and high temperatures
- fertile soil from flooding river ganges
- large population (for labour)
- fish may be added to add protein
- capital
CASE STUDY: Subsistence Farming in BANGLADESH
outputs
- rice: essential carbohydrates for diet
- manure: produced by livestock raised on farm
- profits: from selling to local/commercial markets
CASE STUDY: Food Shortages in SOMALIA
Introduction
- somalia is an east african country
- one of the poorest and most conflict-affected countries in the world
- november 2021: national state of emergency declared due to chronic food insecurity
CASE STUDY: Food Shortages in SOMALIA
Causes
- animals drying (due to drought) means no livestock
- drought lead to infertile soil, farmland is unable to thrive
- el shabab militia -> people are trapped and cannot recieve aid
CASE STUDY: Food Shortages in SOMALIA
Impacts
- loss of livestock
- increased migration(in search of food, water, pasture)
- spike in prices of commodities such as food, fuel, water
- 1.4 million children suffering from malnutrition
- death toll increase
- diseases such as cholera spread
- internal displacement
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