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Geography > Theme 3 - Energy > Flashcards

Theme 3 - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

definitions

non-renewable

A

sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes

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2
Q

definitions

fossil fuel

A

non-renewable energy sources that are formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago:

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3
Q

definitions

clean/green energy

A

energy sources that are environmentally friendly and do not release pollutants

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4
Q

definitions

self-sufficent

A

the ability of a country or region to meet its energy needs without relying on other countries or external sources

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5
Q

definitions

natural gas

A

a mixture of gases which are rich in hydrocarbons

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6
Q

definitions

crude oil

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid form

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7
Q

definitions

coal

A

black sedimentary rock with a high amount of hydrocarbons

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8
Q

definitions

nuclear energy

A

energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

definitions

solar energy

A

energy generated by the sun

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10
Q

definitions

geothermal power

A

energy source from the Earth’s core - stored in rocks, soils, and groundwater

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11
Q

definitions

wind power

A

energy source that uses wind to generate electricity

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12
Q

definitions

wave power

A

the energy in ocean surface waves that can be captured

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13
Q

definitions

tidal power

A

power produced by the natural rise and fall of tides

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14
Q

definitions

HEP

A

energy source that uses the force of moving water to generate electricity

  • hydroelectric power
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15
Q

definitions

climate change

A

long-term shift in average weather patterns around the world

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16
Q

greenhouse gases

A

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

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17
Q

natural gas

benefits

A
  • low cost
  • easily transported
  • warmth for cooking & heating
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18
Q

natural gas

disadvantages

A
  • highly flammable
  • finite
  • pollutes water
  • can be toxic
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19
Q

crude oil

how is it used?

A

heated by a furnace and fractionally distilled - separated into components by boiling point

20
Q

crude oil

benefits

A
  • easy to extract
  • variety of uses
  • cheap to transport
21
Q

crude oil

disadvantages

A
  • relatively expensive
  • produces carbon dioxide
  • pollutes the air
22
Q

coal

how is it used?

A

formed over millions of years.

boiled in a boiler which causes a turbine to spin, generating energy

23
Q

coal

benefits

A
  • affordable
  • provides jobs
  • reliable
24
Q

coal

disadvantages

A
  • finite
  • emits greenhouse gases
  • dangerous for miners
25
Q

nuclear energy

how is it used?

A

released from the nucleus

put through generators which produce electricity

26
Q

nuclear energy

benefits

A
  • clean energy source
  • creates jobs
  • reliable
  • cost effective
27
Q

nuclear energy

disadvantages

A
  • uranium -> non renewable
  • building nuclear plants is expensive
  • nuclear waste is radioactive
28
Q

solar energy

how is it used?

A

solar technologies in solar panels convert sunlight into electricity

29
Q

solar energy

benefits

A
  • reduces electricity bills for people’s houses
  • affordable
30
Q

solar energy

disadvantages

A
  • only works in sunlight
  • weather dependent
31
Q

geothermal power

how is it used?

A

hot water is pumped through wells, creating steam, which turns a turbine and generates energy

32
Q

geothermal power

benefits

A
  • not weather dependent
  • installations take up less land -> not visually obtrusive
33
Q

geothermal power

disadvantages

A
  • gases released can harm the environment
  • geothermal plants are expensive
34
Q

wind power

how is it used?

A

capturing the kinetic energy of wind to produce electrical energy

turbines spin causing generators to generate energy

35
Q

wind power

benefits

A
  • clean
  • environmentally friendly
36
Q

wind power

disadvantages

A
  • risks to birds and bats
  • high upfront costs
  • visual & noise polluting
37
Q

wave & tidal power

how is it used?

A

underwater turbines that rotate, connecting to a generator which generates energy

38
Q

wave & tidal power

benefits

A
  • not expensive to maintain
39
Q

wave & tidal power

disadvantages

A
  • limited installation sites
  • expensive to build
  • can impact the surrounding ecosystem
40
Q

HEP

how is it used?

A

water spins a turbine which is connected to a generator, producing energy

41
Q

HEP

benefits

A
  • can reduce the risk of flooding
  • very affordable, low cost energy
42
Q

HEP

disadvantages

A
  • can damage local ecosystems
  • marine life can be affected
  • floods can be caused
  • limited installation sites
43
Q

CASE STUDY: Energy in CHINA

Introduction

A
  • country in Asia
  • very large land mass
  • uses three main types of energy: coal, oil & HEP
44
Q

CASE STUDY: Energy in CHINA

Coal

A
  • 63.7% of China’s energy use
  • 1,118 operational coal power plants
  • supplies coal to indonesia and russia
  • has lead to 366,000 premature deaths in 2013 alone due to air pollution
45
Q

CASE STUDY: Energy in CHINA

Oil

A
  • 18.6% of China’s energy use
  • 299 oil facilities, 1.23 million barrels of oil
  • used for 250 million cars in china
  • supplies oil to saudi arabia
46
Q

CASE STUDY: Energy in CHINA

HEP

A
  • 8.5% of china’s energy use
  • 150 dams, carrying capacity of 300 megawatts
  • largest hydropower producer on the planet
  • three gorges dam is the largest HEP facility in the world

Geography (16 decks)

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