Theme 1 - Migration Flashcards
pull factors for rural-urban migration
- cheap land
- employment
- personal safety
- education
- higher wages
- better quality of life
push factors for rural-urban migration
- unemployment
- war/conflict
- poverty
- climate
- famine
intervening obstacles (factors that reduce or hinder migration)
- physical: rivers, deserts, forests
- laws and regulations
- cost of moving
- cost of housing
counter-urbanisation
moving from urban areas to rural areas
bright light syndrome
the idea that people are more attracted to cities as they are believed to offer a better lifestyle compared to rural.
brain drain
The loss of skilled workers and educated people from a country through emigration
brain gain
The gain of skilled workers and educated people from a country through immigration
economic voluntary migration
when people choose to immigrate to a new country for economic reasons such as employment, services or education.
social voluntary migration
when people choose to immigrate to a new country for social reasons such as familial ties, religion etc
most common characteristics of migrants
young, low-skilled, vulnerable to exploitation
remittances
the act of migrants sending money or gifts to their home countries to support their families
refugees
someone that has been forced to leave their country because of persecution, war or violence.
causes of refugees
- war
- oppression
- natural disasters
- persecution
- climate change
asylum seekers
someone who has left their home country and formally applied for protection in another country.
illegal immigrant
someone who enters a country in violation of its immigration laws
