The Structure & Function of the Heart

Question 1

What do we call the volume of blood pumped through each ventricle per minute?

Answer 1

cardiac output

Question 2

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 2

cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

Question 3

What do we call the volume of blood pumped from the left ventircle with each beat?

Answer 3

stroke volume

Question 4

Which ventricle pumps the greater volume of blood?

Answer 4

They pump the same volume

Question 5

Name the top two chambers of the heart.

Answer 5

atria

Question 6

Name the bottom two chambers of the heart.

Answer 6

Ventricles

Question 7

Name the valves between the ventricles and arteries.

Answer 7

semi lunar valves

Question 8

What is the general name for the valves between the atria and ventricles?

Answer 8

atrio-ventricular

Question 9

Name the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Answer 9

Bi-cuspid

Question 10

Name the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Answer 10

atrioventricular

Question 11

Where does blood travel to after the right atrium?

Answer 11

right ventricle

Question 12

Where does the blood travel to after the right ventricle?

Answer 12

the lungs

Question 13

Which blood vessel takes blood to the lungs?

Answer 13

pulmonary artery

Question 14

Which blood vessel bring blood back to the heart from the lungs?

Answer 14

pulmonary vein

Question 15

Which chamber in the heart does blood from the heart come back to?

Answer 15

left atrium

Question 16

Where does blood travel to after the left atrium?

Answer 16

left ventricle

Question 17

Where does blood travel to from the left ventricle?

Answer 17

the rest of the body

Question 18

Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

Answer 18

aorta

Question 19

Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart from the rest of the body?

Answer 19

vena cava

Question 20

Which chamber in the heart receives blood from the rest of the body?

Answer 20

right atrium

Question 21

In the heart, what happens to blood during diastole?

Answer 21

blood returning to the atria flows into the ventricles

Question 22

In the heart, what happens to blood during atrial systole?

Answer 22

Remaining blood flows from atria into the ventricles

Question 23

What effect does ventricular systole have on the atrio-ventricular valves?

Answer 23

causes them to close

Question 24

In the heart, what happens to the blood during ventricular systole?

Answer 24

pumps blood from the ventricles to the arteries

Question 25

What happens to the SL valves during ventricular systole?

Answer 25

opens to SL valves

Question 26

What causes the SL valves to close?

Answer 26

higher pressure in the arteries during diastole

Question 27

What is the cardiac output for the following person: heart rate = 72 bpm stroke volume = 70ml?

Answer 27

5040 ml/min OR | 5.04 l/min

Question 28

What term is used to describe the contraction of heart muscle?

Answer 28

systole

Question 29

What term is used to describe the relaxation of heart muscle?

Answer 29

diastole

Question 30

What causes the 'lub dupp' heart sounds heard through a stethoscope?

Answer 30

the opening and closing of the AV and SL valves

Question 31

From where does the heart beat originate?

Answer 31

pacemaker

Question 32

What is another name for the pacemaker?

Answer 32

SA node (sino-atrial node)

Question 33

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 33

The wall of the right atrium (silly)

Question 34

As impulses spread from the SA node across the atria, what does it cause?

Answer 34

atrial systole

Question 35

After impulses have gone from the SA node through the atria, where do they go to next?

Answer 35

The atrio-ventricular node (AV node)

Question 36

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 36

The centre of the heart

Question 37

When impulses travel to the apex of the heart and up through the ventricles, what does it cause?

Answer 37

ventricular systole

Question 38

What can be used to detect the impulses the heart generates?

Answer 38

electrocardiogram (ECG if you are a cheat!)

Question 39

How do you calculate the heart rate of a person from an electrocardiogram? (3 steps)

Answer 39

1. Find 2 obvious points that are easy to measure 2. measure the time between these two points 3. divide 60 by that time

Question 40

Which part of the brain regulates the rate of the SA node?

Answer 40

The medulla

Question 41

Name the 2 nerves associated with the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 41

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 42

What term is used to describe the opposite effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on the SA node?

Answer 42

antagonistic

Question 43

What effect does the sympathetic nerve have on heart rate?

Answer 43

increases it

Question 44

What effect does the parasympathetic nerve have on heart rate?

Answer 44

decreases it

Question 45

Which neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nerve release?

Answer 45

noradrenaline

Question 46

Which neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nerve release?

Answer 46

acetylcholine

Question 47

What is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 47

A sphygmomanometer

Question 48

During which stages of the cardiac cycle is blood pressure: a) highest b) lowest

Answer 48

a) ventricular systole | b) diastole

Question 49

What is the average blood pressure for a young adult, like Mr Hill?

Answer 49

120/80

Question 50

What is the scientific term for high blood pressure?

Answer 50

hypertension

Question 51

How does a sphygmomanometer work? (3 steps)

Answer 51

1. stops blood flow in artery 2. blood starts to flow (detected by pulse = systole) 3. blood flows freely (no pulse detected = diastole)