Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Higher Human Biology > Synapses > Flashcards

Synapses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the part of a nerve cell that carries a message to the cell body.

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the part of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus.

A

Cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the part of the nerve cell that carries a message away from the cell body.

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the sheath that surrounds the axon.

A

myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

A

Increases the speed of impulse conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are responses to stimuli in the first 2 years of life not as rapid or co-ordinated as those of an adult?

A

Myelination in not complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the cells that produce the myelin sheath.

A

Glial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the cells that support neurons.

A

Glial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that destoys the myelin sheath, what is the result for the person?

A

Loss of co-ordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are neurotransmitters stored in at the presynaptic neuron?

A

vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of the gap between an axon of one cell and the dendrite of another cell?

A

synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does an electrical impulse arriving at the end of an axon cause to happen?

A

Vesicles release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do neurotransmitters move from the axon ending to the postsynaptic neuron?

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What remove neurotransmitters from the receptors?

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is it important that enzymes are removed from the receptor?

A

Prevents continuous stimulation of postsynaptic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What determines whether a signal is excitatory or ionhibitory?

A

The receptor

17
Q

What name is given to the minimum number of neurotransmitters that must attach to a receptor to transmit an impulse?

A

Threshold

18
Q

If threshold is not reached, what happens to the impulse?

A

It is filtered out as unimportant

19
Q

What term is used to describe a number of weak stimuli combining in order to reach threshold?

A

summation

20
Q

In which type of neural pathway does summation take place?

A

Converging

21
Q

Name the neurotransmitters that stimulate neurons involved in reducing the intensity of pain.

A

Endorphins

22
Q

Name 3 things that can increase endorphin production.

A

severe injury, exercise, stress, sex and certain foods

23
Q

Name the neurotransmitters that induce feelings of pleasure?

A

dopamine

24
Q

On which part of the brain does dopamine activate and why?

A

reward pathway to reinforce a particular behaviour

25
Q

Name the part of the brain that has neurons which secrete and respond to dopamine.

A

The reward pathway

26
Q

If a drug is described as an agonist, what does this mean?

A

they bind to and stimulate specific receptors mimicking the neurotransmitter

27
Q

If a drug is described as an antagonist, what does this mean?

A

they bind to specific receptors and block the action of the neurotransmitter

28
Q

Other than agonists and antagonists, state 2 ways drugs can affect neurotransmitters at the synapse.

A
  1. inhibit enzymes that break the neurotransmitters down 2. inhibit reuptake of the neurotransmitter
29
Q

Which type of drug causes drug addiction by sensitisation?

A

antagonists

30
Q

How do antagonist drugs affect the number and sensitivity of the receptors?

A

increase the number and sensitivity

31
Q

Which type of drug causes drug tolerance due to desensitisation?

A

agonists

32
Q

How do agonist drugs affect the number and sensitivity of the receptors?

A

decrease the number and sensitivity

33
Q

What effect can the use of recreational drugs have on an individual?

A

change their mood, perception and behaviour

34
Q

What do we call drugs that imitate the natural neurotransmitter?

A

agonists

35
Q

What do we call drugs that block the receptors and stop the natural neurotransmitter from binding?

A

Antagonists

36
Q

Give an example of a behaviour that is rewarded by dopamine.

A

eating when hungry, sex

Higher Human Biology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions