Metabolic Pathways

Question 1

What name is given to reactions that build up large molecules from small molecules and require energy?

Answer 1

Anabolic

Question 2

What name is given to reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones and energy is released?

Answer 2

Catabolic

Question 3

What control metabolic pathways?

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

What name is given to describe the changing shape of an active site after the substrate binds?

Answer 4

induced fit

Question 5

Describe the affinity a substrate has to the enzymes active site.

Answer 5

High affinity

Question 6

Describe the affinity the product has to the enzymes active site.

Answer 6

Low affinity

Question 7

Which part of an enzyme does a competitive inhibitor bind?

Answer 7

The active site

Question 8

How can you reverse (reduce the effect of) competitive inhibition?

Answer 8

Increase the concentration of the substrate

Question 9

Which part of an enzyme does a non-competitive inhibitor bind?

Answer 9

Not the active site, allosteric site

Question 10

How does a non-competitive inhibitor affect the enzyme?

Answer 10

It alters the shape of the enzymes active site

Question 11

What happens when you increase the concentration of substrate with a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 11

Absolutely nothing!

Question 12

Describe end product inhibition.

Answer 12

When the end product in the metabolic pathway reaches critical concentration, this inhibits an earlier enzymes blocking the pathway, prevents further synthesis of the end product.

Question 13

What term is used to describe all the chemical reactions that take place within a cell?

Answer 13

Metabolism

Question 14

3 reasons why enzymes are described as biological catalysts?

Answer 14

1. Found inside living cells
2. Speed up chemical reactions
3. Are not used up during the reaction

Question 15

What do we call the energy needed to get reactants to be unstable and change the substrate into the product?

Answer 15

Activation energy

Question 16

What do we call it when the bonds within a reactant are unstable and the substrate is just about to change into the product?

Answer 16

Transition state

Question 17

How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction?

Answer 17

It lowers the activation energy needed by the reactant to form the transition state.

Question 18

What are enzymes made from?

Answer 18

Protein

Question 19

What name is given when a pathway takes a different series of steps to end up with the same end product?

Answer 19

alternative route/pathway

Question 20

What is it called when metabolite A can ONLY be turned into metabolite B?

Answer 20

irreversible

Question 21

What is it called when metabolite A can be turned into metabolite B AND turned from B to A?

Answer 21

reversible

Question 22

State 2 things about a catabolic reaction.

Answer 22

break down and release energy

Question 23

State 2 things about an anabolic reaction.

Answer 23

build up require energy

Question 24

What term is used to describe the condition at which an enzyme is most active?

Answer 24

Optimum

Question 25

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?

Answer 25

37-40oC

Question 26

What is the optimum pH for enzymes?

Answer 26

It depends

Question 27

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

Answer 27

It denatures

Question 28

What term is used to describe the fact that one enzyme will only work on one substrate?

Answer 28

specific

Question 29

What can cause a reversible reaction to reverse?

Answer 29

When the concentration of product is higher than the concentration of substrate.