Division & Differentiation Flashcards
What do we call any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction.
Somatic
What do we call cells that are involved in reproduction?
Germline
Are germline cells diploid or haploid?
They could be either (depends whether stem or gametes)
Which of the germline cells are diploid?
Germline Stem Cells
Which of the germline cells are haploid?
Germline gametes
When does a germline stem cell carry out mitosis?
When making more germline stem cells
When does a germline stem cell carry out meiosis?
When making gametes.
Does a somatic cell carry out mitosis or meiosis?
Mitosis
What happens to genes as cells become more specialised?
Specific genes become switched off
What is the result when one cell divides by meiosis? (number of cells and haploid/diploid)
4 cells that are haploid
Which of the following has most potential: pluripotent or multipotent.
Pluripotent
What do we call the number of chromosomes a species requires in each cell for it to have all the information to function properly?
Chromosome Complement
How many sets of chromosomes are in haploid cells?
One
2. effect of disease
Does a germline stem cell carry out mitosis or meiosis?
Could be either
2. tissue
What is the result when one cell divides by mitosis? (number of cells and haploid/diploid)
2 cells that are diploid
What term is used to describe an unspecialised cell being altered or adapted to perform a specific function?
Differentiation
2. adult/tissue - tissue and organs in the body
What happens in a cell during differentiation?
Certain genes are expressed, certain proteins are made & the cell becomes specialised
Give one location of adult/tissue stem cells.
bone marrow, eye, brain & skin
What do we call cells that: (i) do not respond to regulatory signals (ii) divide at an abnormal rate?
Cancer cells
Give one thing that stem cells can be used to model.
- drug testing 2. effect of disease
Name the 2 types of stem cell?
- embryonic 2. tissue
State 3 features of stem cells.
- they are unspecialised 2. they can self-renew 3. can turn into other types of cell
Where are the two stem cells found?
- embryonic - embryo 2. tissue - tissues and organs in the body
Which type of stem cell has the most potential?
embryonic
Which is likely to have the biggest effect, a mutation in germline or somatic cell?
germinline - passed on to the next generation possibly
Give one use of stem cells in medicine.
skin grafts, organ replacement, cornea repair
