Division & Differentiation

Question 1

What do we call any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction.

Answer 1

Somatic

Question 2

What do we call cells that are involved in reproduction?

Answer 2

Germline

Question 3

Are germline cells diploid or haploid?

Answer 3

They could be either (depends whether stem or gametes)

Question 4

Which of the germline cells are diploid?

Answer 4

Germline Stem Cells

Question 5

Which of the germline cells are haploid?

Answer 5

Germline gametes

Question 6

When does a germline stem cell carry out mitosis?

Answer 6

When making more germline stem cells

Question 7

When does a germline stem cell carry out meiosis?

Answer 7

When making gametes.

Question 8

Does a somatic cell carry out mitosis or meiosis?

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

What happens to genes as cells become more specialised?

Answer 9

Specific genes become switched off

Question 10

What is the result when one cell divides by meiosis? (number of cells and haploid/diploid)

Answer 10

4 cells that are haploid

Question 11

Which of the following has most potential: pluripotent or multipotent.

Answer 11

Pluripotent

Question 12

What do we call the number of chromosomes a species requires in each cell for it to have all the information to function properly?

Answer 12

Chromosome Complement

Question 13

How many sets of chromosomes are in haploid cells?

Answer 13

One

2. effect of disease

Question 14

Does a germline stem cell carry out mitosis or meiosis?

Answer 14

Could be either

2. tissue

Question 15

What is the result when one cell divides by mitosis? (number of cells and haploid/diploid)

Answer 15

2 cells that are diploid

Question 16

What term is used to describe an unspecialised cell being altered or adapted to perform a specific function?

Answer 16

Differentiation

2. adult/tissue - tissue and organs in the body

Question 17

What happens in a cell during differentiation?

Answer 17

Certain genes are expressed, certain proteins are made & the cell becomes specialised

Question 18

Give one location of adult/tissue stem cells.

Answer 18

bone marrow, eye, brain & skin

Question 19

What do we call cells that: (i) do not respond to regulatory signals (ii) divide at an abnormal rate?

Answer 19

Cancer cells

Question 20

Give one thing that stem cells can be used to model.

Answer 20

1. drug testing 2. effect of disease

Question 21

Name the 2 types of stem cell?

Answer 21

1. embryonic 2. tissue

Question 22

State 3 features of stem cells.

Answer 22

1. they are unspecialised 2. they can self-renew 3. can turn into other types of cell

Question 23

Where are the two stem cells found?

Answer 23

1. embryonic - embryo 2. tissue - tissues and organs in the body

Question 24

Which type of stem cell has the most potential?

Answer 24

embryonic

Question 25

Which is likely to have the biggest effect, a mutation in germline or somatic cell?

Answer 25

germinline - passed on to the next generation possibly

Question 26

Give one use of stem cells in medicine.

Answer 26

skin grafts, organ replacement, cornea repair