Non-Specific Body Defence

Question 1

Name the cells that create a physical barrier to pathogens.

Answer 1

epithelial cells

Question 2

Give 2 examples of where tightly packed epithelial cells can be found in the body.

Answer 2

skin, digestive system, respiratory system

Question 3

Give 3 examples of secretions that are produced against invading pathogens.

Answer 3

tears, saliva, mucus and stomach acid

Question 4

What do we call a bacterium, virus or other organism that can cause disease?

Answer 4

pathogen

Question 5

Name the cells that release histamine.

Answer 5

mast cells

Question 6

Name the chemical released when mast cells are damaged.

Answer 6

histamine

Question 7

What 2 effects does histamine have on the blood vessels?

Answer 7

1. vasodilation 2. increased capillary permeability

Question 8

What are 2 advantages of increased blood flow during the inflammatory response?

Answer 8

1. accumulation of phagocytes 2. clotting elements at the site of infection

Question 9

Name the cells that carry out phagocytosis.

Answer 9

Phagocytes

Question 10

Name the process carried out by phagocytes.

Answer 10

Phagocytosis

Question 11

What are the 2 stages of phagocytosis?

Answer 11

1. engulfing of the pathogen 2. destruction by digestive enzymes

Question 12

Name the digestive enzymes found in phagocytes.

Answer 12

lysosomes

Question 13

Name the chemical that phagocytes release.

Answer 13

cytokines

Question 14

What is the purpose of cytokines?

Answer 14

protein molecules that attract more phagocytes and more specific white blood cells to a site of infection