Gene Expression Flashcards
How many strands does RNA have?
One
Name the sugar in an RNA nucleotide.
Ribose
How are the bases in RNA different to DNA?
Uracil instead of Thymine
What is the difference between the primary and mature transcript?
primary - introns and exons
mature - just exons
What name is given the a triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule?
codon
What do we call non-coding regions of mRNA?
introns
Name the two stages of protein synthesis.
transcription and translation
State 3 functions of RNA polymerase during transcription.
- Unwinds the DNA template
- Breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases
- Joins the RNA nucleotides
What does a codon code for?
one amino acid
What happens to the order of the exons during splicing?
stays the same
What is made during transcription?
mRNA
What do we call the coding regions of mRNA?
exons
Name the bonds that cause a polypeptide chain to fold and coil.
Hydrogen bonds
What name is given to the genetic composition of a cell?
genotype
Name the molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
Name the 3 bases present on the tRNA molecule.
anticodon
What joins together to form mRNA?
mRNA nucleotides
What do we call the sections on the mRNA where translation starts and stops?
start codon
stop codon
Name the bonds that form between the amino acids during translation.
peptide bonds
What name is given to the process that results in one gene being able to create many proteins?
alternative RNA splicing
What name is given to the process where different exons are retained from the primary transcript for the mature transcript?
alternative RNA splicing
What name is given to a chain of many amino acids?
polypeptide chain
What has to happen to a polypeptide chain for it to become a protein?
Folded into a 3-D shape
Name the bonds that hold proteins in their 3-D shape.
Hydrogen
Name the 3 types of RNA involved in gene expression.
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
What is the function of rRNA?
along with proteins it makes up the ribosome
What does the r stand for in rRNA?
ribosomal
