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Higher Human Biology > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

How many strands does RNA have?

A

One

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2
Q

Name the sugar in an RNA nucleotide.

A

Ribose

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3
Q

How are the bases in RNA different to DNA?

A

Uracil instead of Thymine

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4
Q

What is the difference between the primary and mature transcript?

A

primary - introns and exons

mature - just exons

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5
Q

What name is given the a triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule?

A

codon

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6
Q

What do we call non-coding regions of mRNA?

A

introns

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7
Q

Name the two stages of protein synthesis.

A

transcription and translation

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8
Q

State 3 functions of RNA polymerase during transcription.

A
  1. Unwinds the DNA template
  2. Breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases
  3. Joins the RNA nucleotides
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9
Q

What does a codon code for?

A

one amino acid

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10
Q

What happens to the order of the exons during splicing?

A

stays the same

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11
Q

What is made during transcription?

A

mRNA

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12
Q

What do we call the coding regions of mRNA?

A

exons

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13
Q

Name the bonds that cause a polypeptide chain to fold and coil.

A

Hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

What name is given to the genetic composition of a cell?

A

genotype

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15
Q

Name the molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

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16
Q

Name the 3 bases present on the tRNA molecule.

A

anticodon

17
Q

What joins together to form mRNA?

A

mRNA nucleotides

18
Q

What do we call the sections on the mRNA where translation starts and stops?

A

start codon

stop codon

19
Q

Name the bonds that form between the amino acids during translation.

A

peptide bonds

20
Q

What name is given to the process that results in one gene being able to create many proteins?

A

alternative RNA splicing

21
Q

What name is given to the process where different exons are retained from the primary transcript for the mature transcript?

A

alternative RNA splicing

22
Q

What name is given to a chain of many amino acids?

A

polypeptide chain

23
Q

What has to happen to a polypeptide chain for it to become a protein?

A

Folded into a 3-D shape

24
Q

Name the bonds that hold proteins in their 3-D shape.

A

Hydrogen

25
Q

Name the 3 types of RNA involved in gene expression.

A

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

26
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

along with proteins it makes up the ribosome

27
Q

What does the r stand for in rRNA?

A

ribosomal

Higher Human Biology (21 decks)

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