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Pe > The structure and function of the cardio respitory system > Flashcards

The structure and function of the cardio respitory system Flashcards

1
Q

How does the respitory system work

A

Breath in air

Moves through nose and then down i to the tranchea
Trachea takes air from throat to lungs

Trachea divides into two branches called the bronchi then divides even smaller into the bronchioles

Alveoli are at the end of the bronchioles and the air is absorbed by the alveoli and diffused into the blood

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2
Q

Define trachea

A

Carries air from the mouth to the lungs

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3
Q

Define bronchi

A

Carries air from the bronchi to the alveoli

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4
Q

Define lungs

A

Pair of large spongy organs optimised for gas exchange between our blood and the air

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5
Q

Define alveoli

A

Many tiny air sacs in the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

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6
Q

How does gaseous exchange take place

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

Describe gaseous exchange

A

The oxygen levels in the alveoli are relatively high concentration diffuses into the blood capillaries where the oxygen concentration levels are low

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8
Q

Define hemoglobin

A

The red pigment found in red blood cells

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9
Q

Define oxyhemoglobin

A

when oxygen combines with hemoglobin n

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10
Q

What type of process is diffusion

A

Passive

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11
Q

Describe alveoli

A

Walls very thin and moist

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12
Q

Name the two process of breathing

A

Inspiration and expiration

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13
Q

Define inspiration

A

The intake of air into the lungs, which is brought about by increasing the volume of the lungs chest cavity

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14
Q

Define expiration

A

Is the expulsion of air from the lungs through reducing the volume of the chest cavity

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15
Q

What happens to the chest during inspiration

A

Chest expands
Diaphragm contracts
Intercostal muscles contract

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16
Q

What happens to the chest during expiration

A

Diaphragm curves and returns to dome shape

Breathing muscles relax

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17
Q

Define abdominal muscles

A

The muscles which help for air out of the lungs and say speed up expiration

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18
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of air breathe in or out during a normal breath at rest

19
Q

Expiratory reserve the volume

A

Additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal title volume

20
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

The aditional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

21
Q

Define residual volume

A

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration

22
Q

Name the three types of blood vessels

A

Artery
Vein
Capillary

23
Q

Define the function of an artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart

24
Q

Define the function of the capillaries

A

Huge network of vessels linking are rise and veins

25
Q

Define the function of a vein

A

Carry blood towards the heart

26
Q

What type of blood do arteries carry

A

Oxygenated blood

27
Q

What type of blood does a vine carry

A

Deoxygenated blood

28
Q

Describe an artery

A

Thick, muscular and elastic walls to withstand pressure

Small lumen

29
Q

Describe a vein

A

Thin walled
Large lumen
Contain valves to prevent back flow

30
Q

Describe a capillary

A

Very thin walls (one cell thick) to allow rapid diffusion of substances into and out of the blood

31
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

Reducing the diameter of small arteries to reduce blood flow to tissues

32
Q

Define vasodilation

A

Increasing the diameter of small arteries to increase blood flow to tissues

33
Q

Define the heart

A

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that pumps blood around the body.

34
Q

What are the four compartments of the heart

A

Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium

35
Q

What is the job of the atria

A

Collects blood from the veins

36
Q

What is the job of the ventricles

A

Pumps blood through the arteries

37
Q

Define the cardia cycle

A

Sequence of events the occur when the heart beats

38
Q

Define systole

A

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

39
Q

Describe the events of the cardiac cycle

A

Blood travels the right side of the heart

Pumped to the lungs

Travels back to the left side of the heart and is pumped out of the heart

40
Q

Define cardiac output

A

Volume of blood that the heart is able to pump out

41
Q

What are the two major factors of cardiac output

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

42
Q

Define heart rate

A

Number of times the heart beats a minute

43
Q

Define stroke volume

A

Volume of blood that leaves the heart

44
Q

Equation for cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

Pe (24 decks)

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