movement analysis (Chapter 2) Flashcards
Name the three basic parts that make up an lever
Fulcrum
effort
resistance
Define fulcrum
The part of the lever system that pivots ; joints are the fulcrums in the body’s lever system
Define resistance
The load to be moved by a lever system ; usually this involves weight when the body’s lever systems are involved
Define effort
The force applied to move the resistance or weight ; in the body, the effort is provided muscles exerting a force.
Define a first class lever
Found at the elbow joint , where the triceps causes extension of the lower arm
Name a sporting example of a first class lever
Darts throw
Define a second class lever
A lever found at the ankle, where the gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion
Where is the fulcrum , resistance and effort placed in a first class lever ?
Resistance (left)
Fulcrum (middle)
Effort (right)
Where is the fulcrum, resistance and effort placed in a second class lever ?
Resistance (middle)
Fulcrum (right)
Effort (left)
Example of a second class lever ?
Push-ups
Define a third class lever
The majority of the body’s joints act as a third class levers; for example biceps acting at the elbow to cause plantar flexion
Where is the Fulcrum, resistance and effort placed in a third class lever ?
Resistance (left)
Fulcrum (Right)
Effort (middle)
Example of a third class lever
Bicep curl
Define mechanical advantage
The benefit to a lever system of having either a short effort arm - giving rapid movements over a large range of movement- or short resistance arm giving the advantage of being able to move a heavy weight.
Equation for mechanical advantage ?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm / resistance arm
Define agonist
The prime mover - muscles that cause movement
