The Skull (Q3) Flashcards
functions of bone/ the skeletal system
support, movement, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation and energy storage, energy metabolism
bones that are longer than they are wide with a shaft and 2 distinct ends
long bone
bones that are roughly cube-shaped
short bone
type of short bone that forms within a tendon
sesamoid bone
examples of sesamoid bones
patella
functions of sesamoid bones
change pulling direction or reduce friction of the tendon
thin flattened bones
flat bone
example of flat bone
cranial bones, ribs and sternum
bones that do not fit in the other 3 categories
irregular bone
example of irregular bones
vertebrae and hip bones
structural unit of spongy bones
trabecula
structural unit of compact bone
osteon
bone marrow that makes red blood cells
red bone marrow
bone marrow that serves as fat storage
yellow bone marrow
large structure in the middle of osteons where major blood vessels and nerves go through
osteonic canal
connect each osteon to each other
perforation canals/ volkmann’s canals
round lamella that form the osteon
concentric lamellae
old concentric lamellae that’s been broken down found in between each osteon
interstitial lamellae
large lamellae that is found on the outside and inside of the osteon
circumferential lamellae
bone cell responsible for maintaining bone
osteocyte
space that houses osteocytes
lacunae
groves that connect lacunae
canaliculi
function of canaliculi
connect osteocytes to transport nutrients and information
stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
osteoprogenitor cells
bone matrix seceted by osteoblasts
osteoid
osteoblasts that no longer produces ostoid
osteocyte
responsible for the reabsorption of bone
osteoclast
frontal bone
a
supraorbital foramen/notch
b
zygomatic process
anterior cranial fossa
frontal sinuses
glabella
id bones
parietal bones
parietal bones
sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture
squamous suture
bone that could be enclosed within lambdoid suture
wormian bones
wormian/ sutural bone
occipital bone
a
external occipital protuberence
b
superior nuchal line
c
inferior nuchal line
a
foramen magnum
c
condylar fossa
b
occipital condyle
a
posterior cranial fossa
b
hypoglossal canal
temporal bones
a
zygomatic arch of squamous region
b
mandibular fossa of squamous region
c
styloid process of tympanic region
d
external auditory canal/ meatus of tympanic region
e
mastoid process of mastoid region
a
stylomastoid foramen of mastoid region
b
mastoid foramen
c
middle cranial fossa of petrous region
a
jugular foramen
b
internal auditory/ acoustic canal
a
coratid canal
a
coratid canal
b
foramen lucerum
b
foramen lucerum
zygomatic arch
sphenoid bone
sphenoid bone
a
jugum sphenodale
b
tuberculum sellae
c
hypophyseal fossa
d
dorsum sellae
e
foramen ovale
f
foramen spinosum
a
anterior clinoid processes
b
posterior clinoid processes
c
lesser wings
d
greater wings
a
lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
b
medial pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
c
foramen ovale
d
foramen spinosum
a
foramen rotundum
b
optic canal
c
superior orbital fissure
sphenoid sinus
sphenoid sinus
collective term for dorsum sellae, hypophyseal fossa, and tuberculum sellae
sella turcica
ethmoid bone
a
cribriform plate
b
crista galli
a
middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone
b
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
a
middle nasal conchae
b
superior nasal conchae
a
crista galli
b
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
a
inferior orbital fissure
b
infraorbital foramen
c
teeth (sits in alveolus)
a
alveolar process
b
incisive foramen
c
palatine process of the maxilla
a
horizontal plate
b
greater palatine foramen
a
horizontal plate
b
perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
a
zygomatic arch
b
temporal process
nasolacrimal canal
a
left nasal bone
b
left inferior nasal concha
c
vomer bone
vomer bone
what is the collective name for the vomer bone and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?
nasal septum
a
condylar process
b
coronoid process
c
teeth in alveolus
d
mental foramen
a
condylar process
b
coronoid process
c
ramus
d
mental foramen
e
alveolar process
id bone
mandible
a
coronoid process
b
condylar process
c
mandibular foramina
a
inferior orbital fissure
b
zygomatic bone
c
infraorbital foramen
a
alveolar processes
b
alveolus
c
palatine process
d
horizontal plate of the palatine bone
e
incisive foramen of the maxilla
f
greater palatine foramen
maxillary sinus
a
temporal process of zygomatic bone
b
maxillary sinus of maxillary bone
a
temporal process of zygomatic bone
b
infraorbital foramen of maxillary bone
a
middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone
b
inferior nasal conchae
c
palatine process of maxillary bone
a
crista galli of ethmoid bone
b
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
c
vomer bone
d
tuberculum sellae of the sella turnica of sphenoid bone
e
dorsum sellae of the sella turnica of the sphenoid bone
f
hypophysial fossa of the sella turnica of the sphenoid bone
g
sphenoidal sinus of the sphenoid bone
a
superior nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone
b
middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone
c
inferior nasal conchae
a
condylar process
b
coronoid process
c
alveolus
d
mental foramen
a
coronoid process
b
condylar process
c
mandibular foramen
d
mental foramen
e
ramus
a
tooth
b
alveolar process
c
mental foramen
d
alveolus
a
inferior nasal concha
b
palatine process of the maxilla
c (bone)
mandible bone
d
hyoid bone
e
horizontal plate of the palatine bone
a (bone)
nasal bone
b
palatine process of maxilla
c (bone)
mandible
d
hyoid bone
e
inferior nasal concha
f
horizontal plate of palatine bone
a
inferior nasal concha
b
palatine process of maxilla
c
horizontal plate of palatine bone
a
lacrimal bone
b
infraorbital foramen of maxilla
c
nasal bone
d
maxilla
e
inferior nasal concha
a
maxilla
b
infraorbital foramen
c
nasal bone
d
inferior nasal concha
e
vomer bone
a
nasal bone
b
vomer bone
id bone
hyoid bone
a
greater cornua
b
lesser cornua
a
frontal fontanelle/ anterior fontanelle
b
metopic/ frontal suture
c
occipital/posterior fontanelle
a
sphenoid/ anterolateral fontanelle
b
mastoid/ postlateral fontanelle
which fontanelle are unpaired?
frontal and occipital (posterior and anterior)
what type of tissue are sutures made up of
dense connective tissue (don’t know which)
a
condylar process
b
coronoid process
c
ramus
functions of clinoid processes
deepen the sella turcica and serve as points of attachment for the tentorium cerebelli
a
olfactory nerve (cn i)
b
optic nerve (cn ii)
c
trochlear nerve (cn iv)
d
trigeminal nerve (cn v)
e
abducens nerve (cn vi)
f
facial nerve (cn vii)
g
vestibulocochlear nerve (cn viii)
a
oculomotor nerve (cn iii)
b
trochlear nerve (cn iv)
c
glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix)
d
vagus nerve (cn x)
e
accessory nerve (cn xi)
f
hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)
lacriminal bones
palatine bones
maxillary bones
id structure a and identify what goes through
cribriform plate with olfactory nerve (cn i) passing through
id structure and what passes through
optic canal with optic nerve (cn ii) and ophthalmic artery passing through
id structure and what passes through
superior orbital fissure with oculomotor nerve (cn iii), trochlear nerve (cn iv) ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (cn v) and abducens nerve (cn vi) passing through
id structure a and what passes through
foramen rotundum with maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (cn v) passing through
id structure e and what passes through
foramen ovale with mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (cn v)
id structure f and what passes through
foramen spinosum with middle meningeal artery passing through
id structure b and what passes through
foramen lucerum; functionally closed with fibrocartilage in a living skull
id structure a and what passes through
carotid canal with the internal carotid artery passing along the superior margin of foramen lucerum
id structure b and what passes though
internal acoustic/ auditory canal with vestibulocochlear nerve (cn viii) and facial nerve (cn vii) entering the skull
id structure a and what passes through
jugular foramen with glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix), vagus nerve (cn x) and spinal motor and cranial motor components of accessory nerves (cn xi) as well as internal jugular vein passing through
id structure a and what passes through
foramen magnum with vertebral arteries (rt. and lt.) and spinal motor component of the accessory nerve (cn xi) passing through
landmark division between medulla oblongata and the spinal cord of the central nervous system
foramen magnum
id structure b and what passes through
hypoglossal canal with hypoglossal nerve (cn xii) passing through
id structure b and what passes through
infra-orbital foramen with maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (cn v)
id structure d and what passes through
mental foramen with the mental nerve (a branch of the mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve (cn v)) passing through
id structure b and what passes through
incisive foramen with nasopalatine nerve passing through
id c and what passes through
mandibular foramen with the inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve cn v) passing through
id a and what passes through
stylomastoid foramen with facial nerve (cn vii) exiting the skull
tiny holes in cribriform plate
olfactory foramina
functions of sinuses
lighten skull; warm, moisten, and filter air
what two bones could be affected by a cleft palate
maxillary and palatine
left and right halves of the palate fail to join medially
cleft lip/ palate
complications with cleft lip/ pallate
impaired ability to nurse and possibility of inhaling food in the nasal cavity possibly causing pnemonia
procedure to repair and cleft palate
palatoplasty
procedure to repair a cleft lip
rotation advancement repair
risk factors of cleft lip/ palate
family history, diabetes, mom didn’t have enough folic acid during pregnancy
off-center septum that can cause difficulty breathing or congestion
deviated nasal septum
repair for deviated nasal septum
septoplasty
infection spreading from throat to middle ear to the mastoid cells of the mastoid sinus
mastoiditis
form of bone cancer in which a tumor erodes the medullary cavity of long bone and mestastasizes
osteosarcoma
inflammation of the paranasal sinuses passage to the nasal cavity blocked by inflamed nasal mucosa to cause painful pressure
sinusitis
most easily dislocated joint in the body
temporomandibular joint
condylar process glides anteriorly to end up in the infratemporal fossa causing the jaw to be stuck open
temporomandibular joint syndrome
fix for temporomandibular joint syndrome
physician puts their thumbs in between the lower molars and cheeks and pushes inferiorly and posteriorly
surgery to remove part of the cranium in which small circular holes are drilled in a square and then sawed in between to gain access to the brain
craniotomy
reasons why someone may have a craniotomy
removal of a brain tumor or blood clot
a
osteon (haversian system)
b
central canal/ osteonic canal
c
concentric lamellae
d
interstitial lamellae
e
osteocyte
f
lacunae
g
canaliculus
a
osteocyte
b
lacunae
c
canaliculi
a
outer circumferential lamellae
b
inner circumferential lamellae
a
performating/ volkmann’s canal
special type of flat bone found in the skull (sandwich)
diploe
the internal lining of the esophagus and adult vagina
stratified squamous epithelium
