Body Organization, Terminology, Surface Anatomy, and Epithelial Tissues (Q1) Flashcards
1
Q
superior/ cephalic
A
towards the head
2
Q
inferior/ caudal
A
towards the feet
3
Q
anterior/ventral
A
towards the front
4
Q
posterior/dorsal
A
towards the back
5
Q
medial
A
towards the midline
6
Q
lateral
A
away from midline
7
Q
deep
A
away from body surface
8
Q
superficial
A
towards the body surface
9
Q
proximal
A
closer to the attachment point of a limb
10
Q
distal
A
further away from the attachment point of a limb
11
Q
visceral
A
directly lining an organ
12
Q
parietal
A
directly lining a body cavity
13
Q
bilateral
A
same structure on either side of the body’s midline
14
Q
ipsilateral
A
different structures on same side of the midline
15
Q
contralateral
A
different structures on opposite sides of the midline
16
Q
sagittal
A
separates right and left halves
17
Q
midsagittal
A
separates right and left halves at the midline
18
Q
parasagital
A
separates right and left halves at a place other than the midline
19
Q
transverse/ cross section
A
seperates superior and inferior
20
Q
frontal/ coronal plane
A
separates anterior and posterior
21
Q
A
axilla
22
Q
A
brachium
23
Q
A
antebrachium
24
Q
A
auricle
25
thyroid cartilage
26
suprasternal notch
27
zygomatic bone
28
supraclavicular fossa
29
costal margin of ribs
30
pectoralis major
31
trapezius
32
latissimus dorsi
33
cubital fossa
34
inguinial ligament
35
iliac crest
36
gluteus maximus
37
gluteus medius
38
popliteal fossa
39
gastrocnemius
40
1
right hypochondriac
41
2
epigastric
42
3
left hypochondriac
43
4
right lumbar
44
5
umbilical
45
6
left lumbar
46
supraorbital margin
47
7
right inguinal/iliac
48
8
pubic/hypogastric
49
9
left inguinal/iliac
50
where are vertical lines of abdominopelvic regions drawn from?
mid clavicle
51
where is the bottom horizontal separation of abdominopelvic regions drawn from?
iliac crest to iliac crest
52
where is the top horizontal line separating abdominopelvic regions drawn from?
between lateral margins of costal margin of ribs
53
organs in right hypochondriac region
liver, gallbladder
54
organs in epigastric region
stomach, liver, pancreas
55
organs in left hypochondriac region
spleen, stomach
56
organs in right lumbar region
large intestine, small intestine, right kidney
57
organs in umbilical region
small intestine, larger intestine
58
organs of left lumbar region
large intestine, left kidney, small intestine
59
organs of right iliac/inguinal region
appendix, cecum (large intestine)
60
organs of pubic/ hypogastric region
urinary bladder, small intestine, large intestine, female reproductive organs
61
organs of left iliac/ inguinal region
large intestine (descending colon and sigmoid colon)
62
what are the lines called separating the abdominopelvic quadrants?
transumbilical and mid-sagittal line
63
organs in right upper quadrant?
liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
64
organs in left upper quadrant
stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, spleen
65
organs in right lower quadrant?
cecum, appendix, small intestine, large intestine,
66
organs in left lower quadrant?
small intestine, large intestine, bladder
67
cranial cavity
houses brain
68
vertebral cavity
houses spinal cord
69
posterior cavity
dorsal body cavity
70
ventral body cavity
anterior cavity
71
thoracic cavity
chest cavity
72
visceral pleura
directly lines lungs
73
parietal pleura
lines the thoracic cavity
74
pleural cavity
space in between visceral pleura and parietal pleura
75
mediastium
space between lungs that holds heart, esophagus, trachea, etc
76
visceral pericardium
directly lines heart
77
parietal pericardium
lines thoracic cavity anteriorly
78
pericardial cavity
space between visceral and parietal pericardium
79
diaphragm
muscle separating thoracic and adominopelvic cavities
80
visceral peritoneum
directly lines visceral organs
81
parietal peritoneum
lines abdominopelvic cavity
82
peritoneal cavity
space between visceral and parietal peritoneum
83
retroperitoneum
sits outside and posterior to the peritoneal cavity and contains kidneys, adrenal glands, and esophagus
84
buccal cavity
oral cavity
85
orbital cavity
where eyes sit in skull
86
middle ear cavity
behind middle ear where auditory ossicles sit
87
x-rays
high-energy radiation is absorbed by dense tissue (such as bone) much more than less dense tissue which appears dark
88
what are x-rays used for?
visualizing bones and abnormal dense structures
89
computerized axial tomography
x-ray rotated around full circumference and combined to create a 3-D image of the body where every organ is recorded at its best angle
90
angiography
contrast medium is injected into blood and x-ray, ct, or mri can see within vessels more clearly
91
what are ct scans used for?
tumors, internal bleeding, and internal damage
92
what is angioplasty used for
aneurisms, atherosclerosis, and finding source of internal bleeding
93
positron emission tomography
low-level radioactive isotopes are delivered intravenously to give off gamma rays that are detected by a machine
94
what are pet scans used for?
detecting tumors due to high metabolic activity, depicting active brain areas, and showing blood flow through the heart
95
sonography
body probed with ultrasonic sound to echo off of body tissue. image constructed based on echoes
96
what is sonography used for?
viewing unborn fetus, the gallbladder, other viscera, and arteries
97
general inspection
examining body proportions, posture, and patterns of movement
98
local inspection
examining the site of injury
99
in which component of a physical exam can the largest amount of information be gained?
inspection
100
palpation
using hands and fingers to feel the body
101
what info can be provided by palpation?
body temperature and textures, finding underlying structures, and sensitive spots
102
percussion
tapping the finger of hand to determine the density of underlying tissue
103
what does it mean if the lungs sound too dense?
they are filled with fluid rather than air
104
auscultation
listening to body sounds, usually with a stethoscope
105
epithelia
tissues that cover body surfaces on the inside or outside
106
what is the function of simple squamous epithelial cells?
filtration, diffusion, and secretion
107
what is the function of stratified squamous epithelia
protects against abrasions, water loss, uv radiation, and foreign invasion
108
what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells?
secretion and reabsorption
109
what is the function of transitional epithelia?
allows organs to stretch and recoil without rupturing cells
110
what is the function of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia?
secretion and absorption
111
what is the function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia
secrete mucous via goblet cells and traps foreign particles in the mucus. cilia sweep the mucus to be pushed out of the body
112
what is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelia?
cilia help move mucus (oocytes in fallopian tube) by beating in unison to expel from the body
113
what is the function of non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia?
absorption and protection
114
what is the function of stratified columnar epithelia?
protection and secretion
115
what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelia?
protection (limited secretion and absorption)
116
basement membrane
non-living layer between epithelial and connective tissue
117
where are simple squamous epithelia found?
alveoli of the lung, inner lining of the cornea of the eye, mesothelial lining of ventral body cavities (serosae), and endothelial lining the heart and blood vessels
118
where is stratified squamous epithelia found?
surface of the skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, anus, and vagina
119
where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelia found
epidermis of the skin
120
where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?
portions of kidney tubules, various glands and ducts
121
where is transitional epithelia found?
urinary bladder, renal pelvis, portions of the ureters and urethra
122
where is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia found?
gastrointestinal lining, ducts of many excretory glands, and gallbladder
(ggg non-cc)
123
where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia found?
trachea, nasopharynx, and bronchi (upper respiratory tract)
124
where is ciliated simple columnar epithelia found?
some bronchioles, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord, and ventricles of the brain
125
where is non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia found?
epididymis, larger ducts of many glands, and parts of male urethra
126
where is stratified columnar epithelia found?
ducts of salivary glands, small areas of the anal mucous membrane, mammary ducts, and urethra
127
where is stratified cuboidal epithelia found?
lining ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands, and part of the male urethra (rarest type- just sounds weird)
128
simple squamous epithelia
129
simple squamous epithelia
130
simple squamous epithelia
131
simple squamous epithelia
132
simple squamous epithelia
133
simple squamous epithelia
134
simple cuboidal epithelia
135
simple cuboidal epithelia
136
simple cuboidal epithelia
137
simple cuboidal epithelia
138
simple cuboidal epithelia
139
simple non-ciliated columnar epithelia with microvilli
140
simple non-ciliated columnar epithelia with microvilli
141
simple non-cilated columnar epithelia with microvilli
142
green arrow?
goblet cells
143
simple ciliated columnar epithelia
144
simple ciliated columnar epithelia
145
pseudostratified non-ciliated columnar epithelia
146
pseudostratified non-ciliated columnar epithelia
147
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
148
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
149
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
150
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
151
stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia (can see nucleus)
152
stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia
153
stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia
154
stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia
155
stratified keratinized squamous epithelia
156
stratified keratinized squamous epithelia
157
stratified keratinized squamous epithelia
158
stratified keratinized squamous epithelia
159
stratified cuboidal epithelia
160
stratified cuboidal epithelia
161
stratified cuboidal epithelia
162
stratified columnar epithelia
163
stratified columnar epithelia
164
transitional epithelia (relaxed)
165
transitional epithelia (stretched)
166
transitional epithelia (relaxed)
167
transitional epithelia (stretched)
