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Anatomy > Body Organization, Terminology, Surface Anatomy, and Epithelial Tissues (Q1) > Flashcards

Body Organization, Terminology, Surface Anatomy, and Epithelial Tissues (Q1) Flashcards

1
Q

superior/ cephalic

A

towards the head

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2
Q

inferior/ caudal

A

towards the feet

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3
Q

anterior/ventral

A

towards the front

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4
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

towards the back

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5
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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6
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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7
Q

deep

A

away from body surface

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8
Q

superficial

A

towards the body surface

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9
Q

proximal

A

closer to the attachment point of a limb

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10
Q

distal

A

further away from the attachment point of a limb

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11
Q

visceral

A

directly lining an organ

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12
Q

parietal

A

directly lining a body cavity

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13
Q

bilateral

A

same structure on either side of the body’s midline

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14
Q

ipsilateral

A

different structures on same side of the midline

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15
Q

contralateral

A

different structures on opposite sides of the midline

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16
Q

sagittal

A

separates right and left halves

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17
Q

midsagittal

A

separates right and left halves at the midline

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18
Q

parasagital

A

separates right and left halves at a place other than the midline

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19
Q

transverse/ cross section

A

seperates superior and inferior

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20
Q

frontal/ coronal plane

A

separates anterior and posterior

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21
Q
A

axilla

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22
Q
A

brachium

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23
Q
A

antebrachium

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24
Q
A

auricle

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25
Q
A

thyroid cartilage

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26
Q
A

suprasternal notch

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27
Q
A

zygomatic bone

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28
Q
A

supraclavicular fossa

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29
Q
A

costal margin of ribs

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30
Q
A

pectoralis major

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31
Q
A

trapezius

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32
Q
A

latissimus dorsi

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33
Q
A

cubital fossa

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34
Q
A

inguinial ligament

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35
Q
A

iliac crest

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36
Q
A

gluteus maximus

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37
Q
A

gluteus medius

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38
Q
A

popliteal fossa

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39
Q
A

gastrocnemius

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40
Q

1

A

right hypochondriac

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41
Q

2

A

epigastric

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42
Q

3

A

left hypochondriac

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43
Q

4

A

right lumbar

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44
Q

5

A

umbilical

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45
Q

6

A

left lumbar

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46
Q
A

supraorbital margin

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47
Q

7

A

right inguinal/iliac

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48
Q

8

A

pubic/hypogastric

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49
Q

9

A

left inguinal/iliac

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50
Q

where are vertical lines of abdominopelvic regions drawn from?

A

mid clavicle

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51
Q

where is the bottom horizontal separation of abdominopelvic regions drawn from?

A

iliac crest to iliac crest

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52
Q

where is the top horizontal line separating abdominopelvic regions drawn from?

A

between lateral margins of costal margin of ribs

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53
Q

organs in right hypochondriac region

A

liver, gallbladder

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54
Q

organs in epigastric region

A

stomach, liver, pancreas

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55
Q

organs in left hypochondriac region

A

spleen, stomach

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56
Q

organs in right lumbar region

A

large intestine, small intestine, right kidney

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57
Q

organs in umbilical region

A

small intestine, larger intestine

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58
Q

organs of left lumbar region

A

large intestine, left kidney, small intestine

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59
Q

organs of right iliac/inguinal region

A

appendix, cecum (large intestine)

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60
Q

organs of pubic/ hypogastric region

A

urinary bladder, small intestine, large intestine, female reproductive organs

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61
Q

organs of left iliac/ inguinal region

A

large intestine (descending colon and sigmoid colon)

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62
Q

what are the lines called separating the abdominopelvic quadrants?

A

transumbilical and mid-sagittal line

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63
Q

organs in right upper quadrant?

A

liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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64
Q

organs in left upper quadrant

A

stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, spleen

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65
Q

organs in right lower quadrant?

A

cecum, appendix, small intestine, large intestine,

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66
Q

organs in left lower quadrant?

A

small intestine, large intestine, bladder

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67
Q

cranial cavity

A

houses brain

68
Q

vertebral cavity

A

houses spinal cord

69
Q

posterior cavity

A

dorsal body cavity

70
Q

ventral body cavity

A

anterior cavity

71
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity

72
Q

visceral pleura

A

directly lines lungs

73
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines the thoracic cavity

74
Q

pleural cavity

A

space in between visceral pleura and parietal pleura

75
Q

mediastium

A

space between lungs that holds heart, esophagus, trachea, etc

76
Q

visceral pericardium

A

directly lines heart

77
Q

parietal pericardium

A

lines thoracic cavity anteriorly

78
Q

pericardial cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal pericardium

79
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating thoracic and adominopelvic cavities

80
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

directly lines visceral organs

81
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines abdominopelvic cavity

82
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal peritoneum

83
Q

retroperitoneum

A

sits outside and posterior to the peritoneal cavity and contains kidneys, adrenal glands, and esophagus

84
Q

buccal cavity

A

oral cavity

85
Q

orbital cavity

A

where eyes sit in skull

86
Q

middle ear cavity

A

behind middle ear where auditory ossicles sit

87
Q

x-rays

A

high-energy radiation is absorbed by dense tissue (such as bone) much more than less dense tissue which appears dark

88
Q

what are x-rays used for?

A

visualizing bones and abnormal dense structures

89
Q

computerized axial tomography

A

x-ray rotated around full circumference and combined to create a 3-D image of the body where every organ is recorded at its best angle

90
Q

angiography

A

contrast medium is injected into blood and x-ray, ct, or mri can see within vessels more clearly

91
Q

what are ct scans used for?

A

tumors, internal bleeding, and internal damage

92
Q

what is angioplasty used for

A

aneurisms, atherosclerosis, and finding source of internal bleeding

93
Q

positron emission tomography

A

low-level radioactive isotopes are delivered intravenously to give off gamma rays that are detected by a machine

94
Q

what are pet scans used for?

A

detecting tumors due to high metabolic activity, depicting active brain areas, and showing blood flow through the heart

95
Q

sonography

A

body probed with ultrasonic sound to echo off of body tissue. image constructed based on echoes

96
Q

what is sonography used for?

A

viewing unborn fetus, the gallbladder, other viscera, and arteries

97
Q

general inspection

A

examining body proportions, posture, and patterns of movement

98
Q

local inspection

A

examining the site of injury

99
Q

in which component of a physical exam can the largest amount of information be gained?

A

inspection

100
Q

palpation

A

using hands and fingers to feel the body

101
Q

what info can be provided by palpation?

A

body temperature and textures, finding underlying structures, and sensitive spots

102
Q

percussion

A

tapping the finger of hand to determine the density of underlying tissue

103
Q

what does it mean if the lungs sound too dense?

A

they are filled with fluid rather than air

104
Q

auscultation

A

listening to body sounds, usually with a stethoscope

105
Q

epithelia

A

tissues that cover body surfaces on the inside or outside

106
Q

what is the function of simple squamous epithelial cells?

A

filtration, diffusion, and secretion

107
Q

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelia

A

protects against abrasions, water loss, uv radiation, and foreign invasion

108
Q

what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

secretion and reabsorption

109
Q

what is the function of transitional epithelia?

A

allows organs to stretch and recoil without rupturing cells

110
Q

what is the function of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia?

A

secretion and absorption

111
Q

what is the function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia

A

secrete mucous via goblet cells and traps foreign particles in the mucus. cilia sweep the mucus to be pushed out of the body

112
Q

what is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelia?

A

cilia help move mucus (oocytes in fallopian tube) by beating in unison to expel from the body

113
Q

what is the function of non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia?

A

absorption and protection

114
Q

what is the function of stratified columnar epithelia?

A

protection and secretion

115
Q

what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelia?

A

protection (limited secretion and absorption)

116
Q

basement membrane

A

non-living layer between epithelial and connective tissue

117
Q

where are simple squamous epithelia found?

A

alveoli of the lung, inner lining of the cornea of the eye, mesothelial lining of ventral body cavities (serosae), and endothelial lining the heart and blood vessels

118
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelia found?

A

surface of the skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, anus, and vagina

119
Q

where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelia found

A

epidermis of the skin

120
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?

A

portions of kidney tubules, various glands and ducts

121
Q

where is transitional epithelia found?

A

urinary bladder, renal pelvis, portions of the ureters and urethra

122
Q

where is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia found?

A

gastrointestinal lining, ducts of many excretory glands, and gallbladder

(ggg non-cc)

123
Q

where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia found?

A

trachea, nasopharynx, and bronchi (upper respiratory tract)

124
Q

where is ciliated simple columnar epithelia found?

A

some bronchioles, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord, and ventricles of the brain

125
Q

where is non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia found?

A

epididymis, larger ducts of many glands, and parts of male urethra

126
Q

where is stratified columnar epithelia found?

A

ducts of salivary glands, small areas of the anal mucous membrane, mammary ducts, and urethra

127
Q

where is stratified cuboidal epithelia found?

A

lining ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands, and part of the male urethra (rarest type- just sounds weird)

128
Q
A

simple squamous epithelia

129
Q
A

simple squamous epithelia

130
Q
A

simple squamous epithelia

131
Q
A

simple squamous epithelia

132
Q
A

simple squamous epithelia

133
Q
A

simple squamous epithelia

134
Q
A

simple cuboidal epithelia

135
Q
A

simple cuboidal epithelia

136
Q
A

simple cuboidal epithelia

137
Q
A

simple cuboidal epithelia

138
Q
A

simple cuboidal epithelia

139
Q
A

simple non-ciliated columnar epithelia with microvilli

140
Q
A

simple non-ciliated columnar epithelia with microvilli

141
Q
A

simple non-cilated columnar epithelia with microvilli

142
Q

green arrow?

A

goblet cells

143
Q
A

simple ciliated columnar epithelia

144
Q
A

simple ciliated columnar epithelia

145
Q
A

pseudostratified non-ciliated columnar epithelia

146
Q
A

pseudostratified non-ciliated columnar epithelia

147
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

148
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

149
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

150
Q
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

151
Q
A

stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia (can see nucleus)

152
Q
A

stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia

153
Q
A

stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia

154
Q
A

stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelia

155
Q
A

stratified keratinized squamous epithelia

156
Q
A

stratified keratinized squamous epithelia

157
Q
A

stratified keratinized squamous epithelia

158
Q
A

stratified keratinized squamous epithelia

159
Q
A

stratified cuboidal epithelia

160
Q
A

stratified cuboidal epithelia

161
Q
A

stratified cuboidal epithelia

162
Q
A

stratified columnar epithelia

163
Q
A

stratified columnar epithelia

164
Q
A

transitional epithelia (relaxed)

165
Q
A

transitional epithelia (stretched)

166
Q
A

transitional epithelia (relaxed)

167
Q
A

transitional epithelia (stretched)

Anatomy (20 decks)

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