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Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton and Joints > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

a

A

head of the humerus (proximal and medial)

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2
Q

b

A

greater tubercle of the humerus (antelateral and proximal)

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3
Q

c

A

lesser tubercle of the humerus (completely anterior)

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4
Q

d

A

intertubercular groove of the humerus

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5
Q

e

A

surgical neck of the humerous

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6
Q

a

A

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (anterior in the middle of bone)

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7
Q

a

A

capitulum of right humerus (antelateral distal)

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8
Q

b

A

trochlea of right humerus (antemedial distal)

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9
Q

c

A

medial epicondyle of right humerus (medial distal)

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10
Q

d

A

coronoid fossa of right humerus (proximal to trochlea)

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11
Q

e

A

radial fossa of right humerus (proximal to capitulum)

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12
Q

a

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus (smaller bump seen from the posterior)

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13
Q

b

A

olecrannon fossa of humerus (posterior and distal)

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14
Q

c

A

radial groove of humerus (seen from posterior)

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15
Q

a

A

head of the radius (proximal)

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16
Q

b

A

radial tuberosity of the radius (antemedial proximal side)

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17
Q

c

A

styloid process of the radius (lateral distal, points towards the thumb)

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18
Q

d

A

ulnar notch of the radius (distal medial)

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19
Q

a

A

trochlear notch of the ulna

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20
Q

b

A

olecranon process of the ulna

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21
Q

c

A

coronoid process of the ulna

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22
Q

d

A

ulnar tuberosity of the ulna

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23
Q

e

A

styloid process of the ulna (points towards pinky and makes this a left ulna)

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24
Q

c

A

head of the ulna

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25
Q

a

A

radial notch of the ulna (shows left ulna)

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26
Q

b

A

ulnar tuberosity of the ulna

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27
Q

id appendage

A

right hand

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28
Q

a

A

scaphoid/ navicular of the carpal bones

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29
Q

b

A

lunate of the carpal bones

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30
Q

c

A

triquetrium of the carpal bones

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31
Q

d

A

trapezium of the carpal bones

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32
Q

e

A

trapezoid of the carpal bones

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33
Q

f

A

capitate of the carpals

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34
Q

g

A

hamate of the carpals

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35
Q

a

A

pisiform of the carpal bones

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36
Q

b

A

metacarpal i

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37
Q

C

A

metacarpal ii

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38
Q

d

A

metacarpal iii

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39
Q

e

A

metacarpal iv

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40
Q

f

A

metacarpal v

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41
Q

a

A

proximal phalanx of the first digit/ pollex

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42
Q

b

A

distal phalanx of the first digit/ pollex

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43
Q

c

A

proxiaml phalanx of the fifth digit

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44
Q

d

A

middle phalanx of the fifth digit

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45
Q

e

A

distal phalanx of the fifth digit

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46
Q

a

A

head of the femur (proximal and medial)

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47
Q

b

A

fovea capitis of the femur

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48
Q

c

A

neck of the femur

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49
Q

d

A

greater trochanter of the femur (lateral)

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50
Q

e

A

lesser trochanter of the femur (medial)

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51
Q

f

A

linea aspera (posterior and shows that this is a right femur)

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52
Q

g

A

lateral condyle of the femur (posterior)

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53
Q

h

A

medial condyle of the femur (posterior)

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54
Q

i

A

medial epicondyle of the femur (mostly medial)

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55
Q

a

A

lateral epicondyle of the femur (larger and only see posterior)

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56
Q

b

A

patellar surface of the femur

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57
Q

a

A

gluteal tuberosity of the femur (posterior)

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58
Q

b

A

intertrochanter crest of the femur

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59
Q

c

A

pectineal line of the femur

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60
Q

a

A

base of the patella

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61
Q

b

A

apex of the patella (distal)

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62
Q

c

A

lateral articular facet of the patella

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63
Q

d

A

medial articular facet of the patella

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64
Q

a

A

medial condyle of the tibia (proximal)

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65
Q

b

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

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66
Q

c

A

tibial tuberosity (proximal anterior)

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67
Q

d

A

anterior crest of the tibia (anterior)

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68
Q

e

A

medial malleoulus (makes this a left tibia)

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69
Q

a

A

head of the fibula

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70
Q

b

A

lateral malleolus of the fibula (makes this a left fibula)

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71
Q

a

A

talus of the tarsal bones

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72
Q

b

A

calcaneus of the tarsal bones

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73
Q

c

A

navicular of the tarsal bones

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74
Q

d

A

cuboid of the tarsal bones

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75
Q

e

A

lateral (3rd) cuneiform of the tarsal bones

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76
Q

f

A

intermediate (2nd) cuneiform of the tarsal bones

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77
Q

g

A

medial (1st) cuneiform of the tarsal bones

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78
Q

a

A

metatarsal i

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79
Q

b

A

metatarsal ii

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80
Q

c

A

metatarsal iii

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81
Q

d

A

metatarsal iv

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82
Q

e

A

metatarsal v

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83
Q

a

A

proximal phalanx of the first digit (hallux

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84
Q

b

A

distal phalanx of the first digit (hallux)

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85
Q

c

A

proximal phalanx of the fifth digit

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86
Q

d

A

middle phalanx of the fifth digit

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87
Q

e

A

distal phalanx of the fifth digit

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88
Q

joints with no joint cavity

A

fibrous joints

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89
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmoses, and interosseous membranes

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90
Q

wavy interlocking bone held together by short fibrous tissue found in the skull

A

sutures

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91
Q

joints held together by ligaments

A

syndesmoses

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92
Q

examples of syndesmoses

A

gomphosis and distal tibiofibular joint

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93
Q

substantial sheets of dense connective tissue binding neighboring long bones together. determines range of motion and alternate sites for muscles. permits slight movement

A

interosseous membranes

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94
Q

examples of interosseous membranes

A

between the radius and ulna; tibia and fibula

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95
Q

joints joined by cartilage that are immovable to slightly movable

A

cartilaginous joints

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96
Q

types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphyses, and epiphyseal plates

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97
Q

hyaline cartilage on bone surface joins to another bone’s surface at a joint

A

synchondroses

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98
Q

the attachment of the first costal cartilage to the manubrium of the sternum is an example of

A

synchondroses

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99
Q

fibrocartilage joins bones that are covered in hyaline cartilage

A

symphyses

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100
Q

examples of symphyses

A

intervertebral disks and pubic symphyses

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101
Q

the epiphyseal plate is a specialized type of

A

synchondroses

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102
Q

temporary hyaline cartilage plate found in long bones connecting the diaphyses and epiphyses that allows for bone growth

A

epiphyseal plate

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103
Q

most movable type of joint that contains a cavity filled with synovial fluid

A

synovial joint

104
Q

types of synovial joints

A

plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and ball-and-socket joints

105
Q

what is the relationship between stability and movability when it comes to joints?

A

inverse relationship

106
Q

flat or slightly curved bones slide back and forth or side to side; usually biaxial but could be triaxial

A

plane joints

107
Q

examples of plane joints

A

intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, acromioclavicular joint, sternocostal, and vertebrocostal

108
Q

convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another to allow uniaxial flexion and extension

A

hinge joint

109
Q

examples of hinge joints

A

humeroulnar/olecranal joint, tibiofemoral (modified), ankle joint, and interphalangeal joints

110
Q

rounded/ pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partially by a ligament and partially by another bone that allows rotation around a longitudinal axis

A

pivot joint

111
Q

examples of pivot joint

A

atloaxial joint and radioulnar joint

112
Q

the convex/ oval shaped projection of one bone fits in an oval-shaped depression of another to allow flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, and limited circumlocution (biaxial)

A

condyloid joints

113
Q

examples of condyloid joints

A

radiocarpal joints (wrist) and metacarpophylangeal joints

114
Q

articular surface of one bone fits in a saddle-shaped depression of another to provide flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction/ and limited circumduction (biaxial)

A

saddle joints

115
Q

example of saddle joints

A

carpometacarpal joint (between trapezium and 1st metacarpal) and the sternoclavicular joint

116
Q

ball-like surface fits in the cup-like depression of another bone to made the most movable triaxial joint (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation)

A

ball-and-socket joint

117
Q

examples of ball-and-socket joints

A

glenohumeral joints and coxal joints

118
Q

immovable joints

A

synarthrosis

119
Q

examples of synarthroses

A

sutures, epiphyseal plates, and synchondroses

120
Q

slightly movable joints

A

amphiarthrosis

121
Q

examples of amphiarthroses

A

interosseous membranes, symphyses, syndesmoses

122
Q

freely-movable joints

A

diarthroses

123
Q

examples of diarthroses

A

synovial joints

124
Q

uniaxial joint examples

A

pivot and hinge joints

125
Q

biaxial joint examples

A

plane, condyloid, and saddle joints

126
Q

triaxial joint examples

A

ball-and-socket joints

127
Q

example of gliding movement

A

waving of the hands

128
Q

angular movement examples

A

flexion and extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction and adduction, circumvention

129
Q

decreasing in angle

A

flexion

130
Q

increasing in angle

A

extension

131
Q

flexing in the frontal plane

A

lateral flexion

132
Q

examples of lateral flexion

A

thumb movement or bending sideways

133
Q

extending beyond anatomical position

A

hyperextension

134
Q

what plane does abduction and adduction occur in?

A

the frontal plane

135
Q

moving away from the midline

A

abduction

136
Q

moving towards the midline

A

adduction

137
Q

movement of a distal part of a bone in a circle

A

circumvention

138
Q

bone revolves around a single longitudinal axis

A

rotation

139
Q

movement that only describe the jaw or shoulder

A

elevation/ depression and protraction/ retraction

140
Q

lifting up (shoulder or jaw)

A

elevation

141
Q

dropping back down( of shoulder/ jaw)

A

depression

142
Q

pushing forward

A

protraction

143
Q

pushing back to return to anatomical position

A

retraction

144
Q

turning the soles of your feet medially

A

inversion

145
Q

turning the sole of your feet laterally

A

eversion

146
Q

pointing toes up

A

dorsiflexion

147
Q

pointing toes down

A

plantarflexion

148
Q

having palms out anteriorly

A

supination

149
Q

pointing palms posteriorly

A

pronation

150
Q

thumbs touching the tips of opposing fingers

A

oppostion

151
Q

id joint

A

glenohumeral joint

152
Q

what type of joint is glenohumeral structurally?

A

ball and socket synovial joint

153
Q

what type of joint is glenohumeral functionally?

A

triaxial diarthrotic joint

154
Q

a

A

coracoacromial ligament

155
Q

b

A

acromioclavicular ligament

156
Q

c

A

coracohumeral ligament

157
Q

a

A

coracoacromial ligamnet

158
Q

b

A

coracohumeral ligament

159
Q

c

A

articular capsule/ glenohumeral ligament

160
Q

d

A

trapezoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments

161
Q

e

A

conoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments

162
Q

a

A

trapezoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments

163
Q

b

A

conoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments

164
Q

c

A

tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii passing through the intertubercular groove

165
Q

a

A

acromioclavicular ligament

166
Q

b

A

coracoacromial ligament

167
Q

c

A

transverse humeral ligament

168
Q

white

A

glenohumeral ligaments

169
Q

a

A

acromion of the scapula

170
Q

b

A

humerus

171
Q

c

A

clavicle

172
Q

d

A

coracoid process of the scapula

173
Q

a

A

acromioclavicular ligament

174
Q

b

A

coracoacromial ligament

175
Q

c

A

coracohumeral ligament

176
Q

d

A

glenoidal labrum

177
Q

function of the coracoacromial ligament

A

supports the superior surface of the capsule

178
Q

function of the acromioclavicular ligament

A

restricts clavicular movement at the acromial end

179
Q

function of the coracoclavicular ligaments

A

helps limit the relative movement between the clavicle and the scapula

180
Q

a

A

ulnar collateral ligament

181
Q

a

A

radial collateral ligament

182
Q

b

A

annular ligament

183
Q

a

A

ulna

184
Q

b

A

humerus

185
Q

c

A

radius

186
Q

a

A

lateral/fibular collateral ligament

187
Q

id joint

A

tibiofibemoral joint

188
Q

b

A

anterior cruciate ligament

189
Q

c

A

medial/tibial collateral ligament

190
Q

a

A

lateral meniscus

191
Q

b

A

medial meniscus

192
Q

c

A

patellar ligament

193
Q

a

A

posterior cruciate ligament

194
Q

b

A

medial/tibial collateral ligament

195
Q

c

A

lateral/fibular collateral ligament

196
Q

a

A

medial meniscus

197
Q

b

A

lateral meniscus

198
Q

a

A

femur

199
Q

b

A

patella

200
Q

c

A

meniscus

201
Q

d

A

tibia

202
Q

a

A

anterior cruciate ligament

203
Q

b

A

posterior cruciate ligament

204
Q

c

A

quadriceps tendon

205
Q

d

A

patellar ligament

206
Q

id joint

A

coxal joint

207
Q

a

A

iliofemoral ligament

208
Q

b

A

pubofemoral ligament (only seen anterior)

209
Q

.

A

ischiofemoral ligament (only seen from posterior)

210
Q

a

A

acetabular labrum

211
Q

b

A

iliofemoral ligament

212
Q

c

A

ligamentum teres/ ligament of the femoral head/ ligamentum capitis femoris

213
Q

d

A

acetabular labrum

214
Q

a

A

iliofemoral ligament

215
Q

b

A

pubofemoral ligament

216
Q
A

ischiofemoral ligament

217
Q
A

acetabular labrum

218
Q
A

transverse acetabular ligament

219
Q

if pointing to acromioclavicular ligament but says id joint

A

acromioclavicular joint

220
Q

maubrium of the sternum connects to the clavicle

A

sternoclavicular joint

221
Q

classify hemeroulnar joint structurally

A

hinge synovial joint

222
Q

classify humeroulnar joint functionally

A

uniaxial diarthrotic joint

223
Q

classify tibiofemoral joint structurally

A

modified hinge synovial joint

224
Q

classify tibiofemoral joint functionally

A

uniaxial diarthrotic joint

225
Q

classify coxal joint structurally

A

ball-and-socket synovial joint

226
Q

classify coxal joint functionally

A

triaxial diarthrotic joint

227
Q

classify sternoclavicular joint structurally

A

saddle synovial joint

228
Q

what type of tissue are ligaments made of

A

dense regular connective tissue

229
Q

most common form of arthritis that is a disease of old age where articular cartilage softens, frays, cracks, and erodes

A

osteoarthritis

230
Q

autoimmune disease where inflammation of the synovial membrane causes joint swelling and deterioration of connective tissue

A

rheumatoid arthritis

231
Q

deformity of the foot where the first digit goes lateral and the metatarsal goes medially along with a medial bony swelling and bursitis

A

bunion

232
Q

inflammation of the bursa from physical friction or a blow

A

bursitis

233
Q

soles of the feet turn medially and toes inferiorly. treated by consecutive casts

A

club foot/ talipes equinovarus

234
Q

knee most vunerable to

A

horizontal blows

235
Q

most dangerous knee injury

A

lateral blows such anterior crucial ligament tears from turning quickly

236
Q

bones of joint are forced out of allignment

A

luxation

237
Q

partial dislocation in which bones can return to their usual position on their own

A

subluxation

238
Q

inflammatory disease caused by bacteria from tick bites causing joint pain and arthritis particularly in the knee

A

lyme disease

239
Q

removal of part of a torn meniscus

A

menisectomy

240
Q

head of the humerus goes anterior and inferior

A

shoulder dislocation

241
Q

dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

A

shoulder separation

242
Q

stretched or torn ligaments common in the spine, ankle, and knee

A

sprains

243
Q

inflamation of the tendon

A

tendinitis

244
Q

inflamation of the tendon sheath

A

tenosynovitis

245
Q

describe clavicular fracture

A

happens anteriorly so the subclavian vessel is not pierced

246
Q

distal end of the radius is forced proximally from falling with outstretched hands

A

colles’ fracture

247
Q

bone fragments split into 3+ pieces

A

comminuted fracture

248
Q

broken bone portion is pressed inward, common of the skull

A

depressed fracture

249
Q

epiphyses and diaphyses separate along the epiphyseal plate

A

epiphyseal fracture

250
Q

bone breaks incompletely such that one side of the shaft breaks and the other bends. common in children because of more organic bone matrix

A

greenstick fractures

251
Q

explain hip fractures as a result of ostoporosis

A

osteoporosis causes the fracture which then causes the fall

252
Q

second and third metatarsals fracture from increasing running mileage too quickly

A

metatarsal stress fracture

253
Q

serious injury at the distal end of the fibula’s lateral malleolus

A

pott’s fracture

254
Q

fracture does not break skin

A

simple fracture

255
Q

broken end of fractured bone protrudes through the skin

A

compound fracture

256
Q

ragged break that occurs from excessive twisting

A

spiral fracture

Anatomy (20 decks)

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