digestive/respiratory Flashcards
a
lingual frenulum
b
vestibule (space)
c
tongue
d
labial frenulum
e
hard palate
f
soft palate
g
uvula
h
sulcus terminalis
i
palatine tonsils
j
lingual tonsils
a
filiform papillae
b
fungiform papillae
c
foliate papillae
d
circumvallate papillae
a
incisor
b
cuspid/canine
c
bicuspid/premolar
d
molars
a
crown
b
neck
c
root
d
enamel
e
dentin
f
pulp cavity
g
cementum
h
peridontal ligament
i
root canal
a
parotid salivary gland
b
parotid duct
a
sublingual ducts
b
submandibular salivary gland
c
sublingual salivary gland
a
sublingual ducts
b
submandibular duct
a
opening of auditory tube
b
pharyngeal tonsils
c
nasopharynx
d
palatine tonsils
e
oropharynx
f
lingual tonsils
g
laryngopharynx
h
epiglottis
i
esophagus
a
fundus
b
cardia
c
body
d
pyloric region
e
rugae
f
greater curvature
g
lesser curvature
h
pyloric sphincter
i
pyloric canal/ space
esophageal hiatus
a
duodenum
b
plicae circulares
c
jejunum
d
hepatopancreatic ampulla
a
duodenum
b
ileum
c
jejunum
a
ascending colon
b
taeniae coli
c
ileocecal valve
d
ileum of small intestines
e
sigmoid colon
f
rectum
g
vermiform appendix
h
cecum
i
haustra
a
transverse colon
b
descending colon
a
rectum
b
anal canal
c
anal columns
d
anus
e
anal orifice
f
internal anal sphincter
g
external anal sphincter
h
sigmoid colon
i
taeniae coli
a
sigmoid colon
b
rectum
c
anal columns
d
external anal sphincter
e
internal anal sphincter
f
anal orifice
a
left lobe
b
falciform ligament
c
right lobe
a
ligamentum teres
b
quadrate lobe
a
caudate lobe
b
coronary ligament
a
gallbladder
b
gallstone
c
cystic duct
d
right hepatic duct
e
left hepatic duct
f
common hepatic duct
g
common bile duct
h
pancreatic duct
i
hepatopancreatic ampulla
j
hepatopancreatic sphincter
a
accessory duct
b
gallbladder
c
cystic duct
d
right hepatic duct
e
left hepatic duct
f
common hepatic duct
g
common bile duct
h
pancreatic duct
i
hepatopancreatic ampulla
a
hepatopancreatic ampulla
b
accessory duct
c
cystic duct
d
gallbladder
e
right hepatic duct
f
left hepatic duct
g
common hepatic duct
h
common bile duct
i
pancreatic duct
a
tail
b
body
c
head
d
accessory duct
e
pancreatic duct
a
accessory duct
b
pancreatic duct
c
head
d
body
e
tail
spleen
a
right lobe
b
left lobe
c
quadrate lobe
d
caudate lobe
e
ligamentum teres
f
falciform ligament
a
gallbladder
b
cystic duct
c
right hepatic duct
d
left hepatic duct
e
common hepatic duct
f
common bile duct
g
accessory duct
h
pancreatic duct
i
hepatopancreatic ampulla
j
hepatopancreatic sphincter
which papillae contain taste buds?
fungiform and circumvallate papillae
function of incisors and cainines
gripping and ripping of food
function of bicuspids and molars
grinding and mixing of food
dental formula adult
2123
dental formula deciduous
2102
what type of joint holds teeth in place?
gomphoses
function of uvula
closes off nasopharynx when swallowing
secretions of parotid salivary gland
serous fluid
secretions of submandibular salivary glands
serous and mucus secretions
secretions of sublingual salivary gland
mucus secretions
type of tissue of epiglottis
elastic cartilage
permanence of gastric rugae and plicae circulares
rugae are not permanent but plicae circulares are
where does most digestion occur
jejunum
fat sheath around small intestines only seen cadaver
mesentery
bulbs of fat coming off large intestines on cadaver
epiploic appendages
right angle between ascending and transvere colon
hepatic flexure
right angle between transverse and descending colon
splenic flexure
describe anal sphincters
internal is smooth and external is skeletal
function of tonsils
trap bacteria and help prevent infection
bile pathway
right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, joins with cystic duct to form common bile duct, joins with pancreatic duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla, duodenum
excess accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity, diagnosed with mri or ultrasound, caused by many liver diseases and can be treated with paracentesis
ascites
liver infection from alcoholism. liver becomes fibrous and fatty and function declines
cirrhosis
final consequence of this is colon carcinoma,
colorectal cancer
caused by low fiber and herniates mucosa through colon wall
diverticular disease
more serious form of colon herniations yielding severe infection
diverticulitits
crystalization of collesterol in gallbladder plugs the cystic duct
gallstones
inflamation of stomach from contaminated food
gastroenteritits
stretching and inflammation of veins due to straining
hemorrhoids
describe types of hepititis
a- fecal to oral route, b- bood or other fluids, c- same as be but no short term symptoms
superior stomach pushes through esophageal hiatus
hiatal hernia
deep ulcers for entire intestines caused by an autoimmune disease
crohn’s disease
spread through saliva, inflammation of parotid salivary gland
mumps
blockage of pancreas from alcohol or gallstones causes pancreatic juices to act in pancrease
pancreatitis
due to calcified plaque called calculus, main reason for dentures
gingivitis and then peridontitis
demineralization of dentin and enamal
dental caries
inflamation of peritoneum usually from burst appendix
peritonitis
rectum pushes on and bulges vagina, caused by tearing of pelvic flood during childbirth
rectocele
borders of nasopharynx
inferior to sphenoid bone to superior of soft palate
borders of oropharynx
level of soft palate to level of epiglottis
border of laryngopharynx
inferior to epiglottis to inferior ridge of cricoid cartilage
what type of cartilage makes up the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
hyaline cartilage
are the thyroid and cricoid cartilage paired?
no
are arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilage paired?
yes
what type of cartilage is arytenoid cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
what type of cartilage is corniculate and cuneiform cartilage?
elastic cartilage
what is served by a primary bronchi
one of the 2 lungs
what is served by a secondary bronchi
one of 5 lobes
what is served by tertiary bronchi
one of 12 bronchopulmonary segments
describe type I alveolar cells
made of simple squamous epithelia and site of gas exchange
describe type II alveolar cells
simple cuboidal epithelia and secrete surfactant
function of surfactant
reduces surface tension between alveoli
function of the conduction zone
moisten, warm, and filter air
function of respiration zone
gas exchange
pathway of conduction zone
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
pathway of respiration zone
respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, alveolus, type I alveolar cell
a
external nares
b
vestibule
c
internal nares
d
superior nasal concha
e
middle nasal concha
f
inferior nasal concha
a
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
b
vomer bone
c
septal cartilage
a
superior nasal meatus
b
middle nasal meatus
c
inferior nasal meatus
d
frontal sinus
e
sphenoid bone
a
thyroid cartilage
b
cricoid cartilage
c
larynx
a
false vocal cords/ vestibular folds
b
true vocal cords/ vocal folds
c
thyroid cartilage
d
cricoid cartilage
e
epiglottis
glottis
a
arytenoid cartilage
b
corniculate cartilage
c
cuneiform cartilage
d
epiglottis
e
thyroid cartilage
f
cricoid cartilage
a
trachea
b
tracheal cartilage/rings
what makes up tracheal cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
c
carina
d
primary bronchus
e
secondary bronchus
f
tertiary bronchus
hilum
a
superior lobe
b
middle lobe
c
inferior lobe
d
oblique fissure
e
horizontal fissure
a
lobule
b
alveolus
c
bronchiole
d
terminal bronchiole
e
alveolar duct
f
respiratory bronchiole
g
alveolar sac
a
diaphragm
b
central/ cordiform tendon
tissue associated with alveoli of the lungs
simple squamous epithelia
tissue lining mouth and esophagus
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia
lines stomach to rectum
non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia
lining upper respiratory tract (trachea, nasopharynx, and bronchi)
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia
tissue found in spleen
reticular connective tissue
tissue found in vocal cords
elastic connective tissue
partially collapsed lung
atelectasis
what does copd stand for?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
inhaled irritants increase mucous production in lower respiratory tract, imparing ventilation and gas exchange
bronchitis
hypersensitivity or irritants leading to bronchioconstriction and mucus secreation
athsma
deterioration of alveolar walls, decreasing gas exchange
emphysema
viral-induced inflammation of upper airways in children causing a hoarse cough
croup
disrupted exocrine glands increase mucus production clogging airways
cystic fibrosis
nose bleeding usually from nasal septum
epistaxis
most common type of lung cancer
adrinocarcinoma
pleaural inflamation with pain associated with the rubbing of parietal pleaura
pleurisy
accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
pleural effusion
infection causing the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli
pneumonia
total collapsed lung
pneumothorax
blood within the pleural cavity
hemothorax
lack of surfactant in infants causes the alveoli to completely collapse during exchilation
respiratory distress syndrome
inflamation within the nasal mucosa causing nasal congestion
rhinitis
inflammation of paranasal sinuses by infection. air is trapped and absorbed creating a painful vacuum
sinusitis
incision between second and third tracheal rings and insertion of a tube to open up airways
tracheotomy/ tracheostomy
