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Anatomy > Axial Skeleton and Girdles > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton and Girdles Flashcards

1
Q

made up of the core/centers of the body with functions of protecting and supporting core organs. contains the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid, ribs, sternum and vertebrae

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

contains the upper and lower limbs and girdles. associated with attachments for muscles that assist in movement

A

apendicular skeleton

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3
Q

vertebrae of the neck

A

cervical vertebrae

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4
Q

how many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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5
Q

vertebrae of the chest

A

thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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7
Q

vertebrae of the lower back

A

lumbar vertebrae

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8
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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9
Q

how many total vertebrae?

A

24

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10
Q

how many vertebrae fused in sacrum?

A

5

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11
Q

how many vertebrae fused in coccyx

A

4

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12
Q

curvature based on fetal development with an anterior c shape

A

primary curvature

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13
Q

show primary curvature

A

thoracic and pelvic (sacral) curvature

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14
Q

curvature which shows a posterior c shape

A

secondary curvature

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15
Q

show secondary curvature

A

cervical curvature and lumbar curvature

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16
Q

when is cervical curvature developed

A

when a baby lifts their head

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17
Q

when is lumbar curvature developed?

A

when you start to stand

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18
Q

which vertebrae have bifid spinus processes?

A

C2-C6

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19
Q

name for C1

A

atlas

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20
Q

name for C2

A

axis

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21
Q

ribs attached directly to the sternum

A

true ribs

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22
Q

ribs indirectly attached to the sternum

A

false ribs

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23
Q

ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all

A

floating ribs

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24
Q

how many true ribs

A

7

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25
Q

how many false ribs

A

3

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26
Q

how many floating ribs

A

2

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27
Q

how many ribs total

A

12

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28
Q

belt of bone that completely encircles the body

A

girdle

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29
Q

what girdle is incomplete

A

pectoral girdle

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30
Q

what meets the ilium of the os coxa and the auricular surface?

A

sacrum

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31
Q

what sits in the acetabulum?

A

the femur

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32
Q

what is the pubic symphysis made up of?

A

fibrocartilage

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33
Q

a

A

pelvic (sacral) curvature

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34
Q

b

A

thoracic curvature

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35
Q

a

A

lumbar curvature

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36
Q

b

A

cervical curvature

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37
Q

a

A

intervertebral foramina

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38
Q

b

A

intervertebral discs

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39
Q

a

A

vertebral arch

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40
Q

b

A

lamina

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41
Q

c

A

pedicles

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42
Q

d

A

vertebral foramina

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43
Q

a

A

spinous process

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44
Q

b

A

body/ centrum

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45
Q

c

A

transverse process

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46
Q

a

A

superior articular facet

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47
Q

b

A

transverse process

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48
Q

c

A

spinous process

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49
Q

a

A

superior articular process

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50
Q

b

A

superior articular facet

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51
Q

c

A

inferior articular facet

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52
Q

d

A

inferior articular process

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53
Q

id vertebrae type

A

cervical vertebrae

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54
Q

a

A

transverse formamina

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55
Q

b

A

bifid spinous process

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56
Q

c

A

costal process

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57
Q

a

A

pedicle

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58
Q

b

A

centrum (body)

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59
Q

c

A

lamina

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60
Q

d

A

superior articular facet

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61
Q

id vertebrae

A

atlas (c1 vertebrae)

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62
Q

a

A

superior articular facet

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63
Q

b

A

superior articular process

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64
Q

id vertebrae

A

axis (c2 vertebrae)

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65
Q

a

A

bifid spinous process

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66
Q

b

A

odontoid process (dens)

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67
Q

id vertebrae

A

thoracic vertebrae

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68
Q

a

A

superior demifacets

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69
Q

b

A

inferior demifacets

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70
Q

c

A

transverse costal facet

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71
Q

d

A

transverse process

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72
Q

a

A

atlas

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73
Q

b

A

cervical vertebrae

74
Q

c

A

thoracic vertebrae

75
Q

d

A

axis

76
Q

e

A

vertebral prominens (c7)

77
Q

f

A

lumbar vertebrae

78
Q

id bone

A

sacrum

79
Q

a

A

entrance to sacral canal

80
Q

b

A

superior articular facet

81
Q

c

A

superior articular process

82
Q

d

A

auricular surface

83
Q

e

A

sacral hiatus

84
Q

a

A

dorsal sacral formamina

85
Q

b

A

lateral sacral crest

86
Q

c

A

median sacral crest

87
Q

a

A

auricular surface

88
Q

b

A

dorsal sacral foramina

89
Q

c

A

superior articular process

90
Q

a

A

ventral sacral foramina

91
Q

b

A

sacral promontory

92
Q

id bone

A

coccyx

93
Q

a

A

coccygeal cornua

94
Q

a

A

head

95
Q

b

A

neck

96
Q

c

A

tubercle

97
Q

id bone

A

sternum

98
Q

a

A

manubrium

99
Q

b

A

costal cartilage

100
Q

c

A

body

101
Q

d

A

xiphoid process

102
Q

a

A

true ribs

103
Q

b

A

false ribs

104
Q

c

A

floating ribs

105
Q

white

A

ala

106
Q

a

A

sternal (medial end)

107
Q

b

A

acrominal (lateral) end

108
Q

a

A

costal tubercosity

109
Q

b

A

conoid tubercle

110
Q

id bone

A

clavicle

111
Q

id bone

A

scapula

112
Q

a

A

acromion

113
Q

b

A

coracoid process

114
Q

c

A

glenoid cavity

115
Q

d

A

lateral (axillary) border

116
Q

a

A

infraspinous fossa

117
Q

b

A

scapular spine

118
Q

c

A

supraspinous fossa

119
Q

a

A

subscapular fossa

120
Q

b

A

infraglenoid tubercle

121
Q

c

A

supraglenoid tubercle

122
Q

what sits in the glenoid cavity?

A

head of the humerous

123
Q

edge of the scapula oriented towards the vertebrae

A

medial (vertebral) border

124
Q

id bone

A

os coxa

125
Q

a

A

pubis

126
Q

b

A

ischium

127
Q

c

A

ilium

128
Q

a

A

acetabulam

129
Q

b

A

obturator foramen

130
Q

c

A

ischial tuberosity

131
Q

d

A

greater sciatic notch

132
Q

a

A

ischial spine

133
Q

b

A

lesser sciatic notch

134
Q

c

A

posterior inferior iliac spine

135
Q

d

A

posterior superior iliac spine

136
Q

a

A

anterior gluteal lines

137
Q

b

A

posterior gluteal lines

138
Q

c

A

inferior gluteal lines

139
Q

a

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

140
Q

b

A

anterior superior iliac spine

141
Q

c

A

iliac crest

142
Q

d

A

auricular surface

143
Q

a

A

pelvic brim

144
Q

b

A

pelvic inlet

145
Q

a

A

greater (false) pelvis

146
Q

b

A

lesser (true) pelvis

147
Q

a

A

pubic symphysis

148
Q

b

A

pubic arch

149
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of greater than 10 degrees in the thoracic region. severe cases can compress the lungs and cause difficulty breathing

A

scoliosis

150
Q

exaggerated thoracic curvature that is most common in aged women

A

kyphosis

151
Q

possible causes for kyphosis

A

osteoporosis, osteomalacia, or tuberculosis

152
Q

accentuated lumbar curvature that is common in obese or pregnant individuals

A

lordosis

153
Q

type of rheumatoid arthritis affecting men where the vertebrae become interconnected by fibrous tissue to the point that they become rigid

A

ankylosing spondylitis

154
Q

outgrowths on a bone where tendons or ligaments become ossified at their point of connecting bone that may restrict movement

A

bone spurs

155
Q

hyper-secretion of growth hormone in children causing excessive growth

A

giantism

156
Q

hyper-secretion of growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have closed, causing the hands, feet, and face in particular to become larger

A

acromegaly

157
Q

nucleus of the intervertebral discs ruptures through the annulus pushing postlaterally on the spinal cord

A

herniated (slipped) disc

158
Q

surgical removal of the vertebral lamina to reach a herniated disc

A

laminectomy

159
Q

bacterial infection of the bone/bone marrow. pathogens enter from surrounding tissue infection, through the bloodstream, or from a compact bone fracture

A

osteomyelitis

160
Q

low bone mass. increated number of osteoclasts. resorption exceeds deposition

A

osteoporosis

161
Q

treatments for osteoporosis

A

vitamin d or calcium supplements; biphosphonate drugs

162
Q

excessive bone deposition and resorption. Reduced mineralization. medullary cavity can fill with bone

A

paget’s disease

163
Q

treatments for paget’s disease

A

biphosphonates and calcitonin

164
Q

endochondrial ossification is decreased due to epiphyseal plate abnormalitites that cause short limbs with a normal-sized trunk

A

achondroplasia

165
Q

adults with inadequate mineralization of bones. calcification does not occur. painful when weight is put on then which can result in paralysis or hydrocephalus in severe cases

A

osteomalacia

166
Q

caudal portion of the neural tubes does not close completely leaving a portion of the spinal cord exposed through an opening in the back

A

spina bifida

167
Q

analogous to osteomalacia in children. weakened bowed legs, malfunction of the head a rib cage

A

rickets

168
Q

precursor to osteoparosis

A

osteopenia

169
Q

hypo-secretion of growth hormone causes proportionate lack of growth

A

pituitary dwarfism

170
Q

major supporting ligaments of the spine

A

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

171
Q

connects the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

A

ligamentum flavum

172
Q

inner sphere of intervertebral discs

A

nucleus pulposus

173
Q

function of nucleus pulposus

A

enables spine to absorb compactory stress

174
Q

outer collar of intervertebral discs made of approximately 12 concentric rings

A

anuluus fibrosus

175
Q

function of anulus fibrousus

A

limits the expansion of the nucleus pulposus. binds vertebrae and resists tension and torsional strain

176
Q

allows the head to rotate of the neck’s axis

A

axis (c2)

177
Q

structure that separates the true and false pelvis

A

pelvic brim

178
Q

compare the female pelvis to the male pelvis

A

wider, shallower, and lighter. more room in the true pelvis

179
Q

changes in upper:lower ratio throughout aging

A

goes from 1.7:1 to approximately 1:1

180
Q

what type of cartilage are intervertebral discs made of

A

fibrocartilage

Anatomy (20 decks)

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