nervous system (q9) Flashcards
3 functions of nervous system
sensory reception, integration, and motor output
voluntary motor innervation
somatic motor
involuntary motor innervation also known as autonomic motor system
visceral motor
layers of the meninges from superficial to deep
(bone), epidural space, periosteal layer of dura mater, dural sinus, meningeal layer of dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater, (brain)
primary vesicle of cerebrum
prosencephalon
secondary vessicle of the cerebrum
telencephalon
primary vesicle of epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
prosencephalon
secondary vessicle epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
diencephalon
what structure arises from the mesencephalon
corpora quadrigemina
primary vessicle of pons and cerebellum
rhombencephalon
secondary vesicle of pons and cerebellum
metencephalon
primary vesicle of medulla oblongata/brainstem
rhombencephalon
secondary vesicle of medulla oblongata/brainstem
meyelincephalon
secondary vesicles coming from prosencephalon
telencephalon and diencephalon
secondary vesicles coming from rhombencephalon
metencephalon and mylencephalon
watery fluid that fills subarachnoid space, ventricles, ad hollow cavities of the brain
cerebral spinal fluid
functions of cerebral spinal fluid
protection and nourishment of neural tissue that allows the CNS to “float”
csf pathway after 4th ventricle
choroid plexus, 4th ventricle, median aperture/lateral aperture, subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi, dural sinus, internal jugular vein, general body circulation
where is the primary motor cortex located?
precentral gyrus within the frontal lobe
tasks associated with frontal lobe
motor control, problem solving, and speech production
function of anterior part of frontal lobe
higher order thinking
function of posterior part of frontal lobe
planning, initiation of movement, speech production
tasks associated with parietal lobe
touch perception, body orientation and sense discrimination
where is the primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus within the parietal lobe
tasks associated with the temporal lobe
audio processing, language comprehension, memory/ information retrieval including emotional response to memory
associated with occipital lobe
contains the visual cortex for reception and interpretation of vision
associated with insula
visceral sensory cortex, responsible for sensation of taste
responsibility of pons
coordination of voluntary movement
cerebellar cortex function
smooth body function
cerebellum functions
maintain smooth body movement and maintain posture
foramen of cn i, olfactory nerve
cribiform plate
foramen of cn ii, optic nerve
optic canal
foramen of cn iii, oculomotor nerve
superior orbital fissure
foramen of cn iv, trochlear nerve
superior orbital fissure
foramen of cn v, trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic division)
superior orbital fissure
foramen of cn v, trigeminal nerve (maxillary division)
foramen rotundum
foramen of cn v, trigeminal nerve (mandibular division)
foramen ovale
foramen of cn vi, abducens
superior orbital fissure
foramen of cn vii, facial
enters temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus, exits through stylomastoid foramen
foramen of cn viii, vestibulocochlear
internal acoustic meatus
foramen of cn ix, glossopharyngeal
jugular foramen
foramen of cn x, vagus
jugular foramen
foramen of cn xi, accessory
spinal component enters via foramen magnum, cranial component exits via jugular foramen
foramen of cn xii, hypoglossal
hypoglossal canal
innervation of cn i, olfactory
nasal cavity/ smell
innervation of cn ii, optic
eye/ vision
innervation of of cn iii, oculomotor
4 extrinsic muscles of eye
innervation of cn iv, trochlear
superior oblique muscle of eye
innervation of cn v, trigeminal (ophthalmic)
skin of eyelids, nose, scalp, and lacrimal gland (sensory)
innervation of cn v, trigeminal, (maxillary)
upper teeth, palate, skin of cheek, upper lip (sensory)
innervation of cn v, trigeminal (mandibular)
tongue, lower teeth, skin of jaw and temporal region (sensory), muscles of mastication (motor)
innervation of cn vi, abducens
lateral rectus muscle of eye
innervation of cn vii, facial
taste buds of tongue (sensory) and stimulate face glands and skeletal muscles of face (motor)
innervation of cn viii, vestibulocochlear
vestibular branch – equlibrium
cochlear branch – hearing
innervation of cn ix, glossopharyngeal
pharyngeal muscles, parotid gland(motor) and posterior tongue, pharynx, and carotid sinus (sensory)
innervation of cn x, vagus
pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera (motor) and pharynx, larynx, and visceral organs (sensory)
innervation of cn xi, accessory
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
innervation of cn xii, hypoglossal
extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
a
occipital lobe
b
temporal lobe
c
parietal lobe
d
frontal lobe
insula
a
sulcus
b
gyrus
c
transverse fissure
d
central sulcus
e
lateral sulcus
a
cerebrum
b
corpus callosum
c
septum pellucidum
a
periosteal layer of dura mater
b
meningeal layer of dura mater
c (orange)
arachnoid mater
d
superior sagittal sinus
e
subarachnoid space
f (red)
pia mater
a
periosteal layer of dura mater
b
arachnoid villus
c
meningeal layer of dura mater
d
superior sagittal sinus
e
cerebrum
f
corpus callosum
g
septum pellucidum
a
tentorium cerebilli
b
falx cerebri
a
falx cerebelli
a
thalamus
b
hypothalamus
c
epithalamus
pineal body
a
optic chiasma
b
infundibulum
c
pituitary gland
d
mamillary body
a
cerebral auqeduct
b
superior colliculus of corpora quadrigemina
c
inferior colliculus of corpora quadrigemnina
a
pons
b
cerebellum
a (white matter)
arbor vitae
b (gray matter)
cerebellar cortex
vermis
cerebellar peduncle
a
arbor vitae
b
cerebellar cortex
c
cerebellar peduncle
a
medulla oblongata
a
arachnoid villus
b
superior sagittal sinus
behind c
lateral ventricle (behind septum pellucidum)
between wall of d
third ventricle (between walls of thalamus)
e
cerebral aqueduct
f
fourth ventricle
a
lateral ventricle
b
third ventricle (between walls of the thalamus
c
cerebral aquaeduct
d
fourth ventricle
a
lateral ventricle
b
lateral aperture
c
fourth ventricle
d
median aperture
e
third ventricle
a
lateral ventricle
b
lateral aperture
c
fourth ventricle
d
median aperture
e
interventricular foramen
f
cerebral aquaeduct
choroid plexus
a
trochlear nerve (cn iv)
b
trigeminal nerv (cn v)
c
vestibulocochlear nerve (cn viii)
d
glossopharangeal nerve (cv ix)
e
vagus nerve (cn x)
f
abducens nerve (cn xi)
g
optic nerve (cn ii)
h
facial nerve (cn vii)
i
hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)
j
abducens nerve (cn vi)
a
trochlear nerve (cn iv)
b
trigeminal nerve (cn v)
c
vestibulocochlear nerve (cn viii)
d
glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix)
e
vagus nerve (cn x)
f
accessory nerve (cn xi)
g
optic nerve (cn ii)
h
facial nerve (cn vii)
i
oculomotor nerve (cn iii)
j
abducens nerve (cn xi)
k
hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)
a
facial nerve (cn vii)
b
vestibulocochlear nerve (cn viii)
c
glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix)
d
vagus nerve (cn x)
e
accessory nerve (cn xi)
f
abducens nerve (cn vi)
g
hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)
a
optic nerve (cn ii)
b
oculomotor nerve (cn iii)
c
abducens nerve (cn vi)
d
hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)
e
trochlear nerve (cn iv)
f
trigeminal nerve (cn v)
g
vestibulocochlear nerve (cn viii)
h
facial nerve (cn vii)
a
glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix)
b
vagus nerve (cn x)
c
accessory nerve (cn xi)
a
cn i
b
cn ii
c
cn iv
d
cn v
e
cn vi
f
cn viii
g
cn ix
h
cn x
i
cn xi
j
cn iii
k
cn vii
l
cn xii
a
cn ii
b
ophthalmic division of cn v
c
maxillary division of cn v
d
mandibular division of cn v
e
cn v
f
cn vii
g
cn viii
h
cn i
i
cn iii
j
cn vi
k
cn ix
l
cn x
m
cn xi
n
cn xii
what nerves are in cervical plexus
c1-c4 and parts of c5
nerves involved in ansa cervicalis
c1-c3
nerves contributing to phrenic nerve
c3, c4, c5
innervated by phrenic nerve
diaphragm
innervation of muscles of mastication (maseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles)
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (cn v)
innervation of anterior belly digastric
mandibular branch trigeminal (cn v)
innervation of posterior belly digastric
facial nerve (cn vii)
innervation of stylohyoid
facial nerve (cn vii)
innervation of geniohyoid
spinal nerve c1
innervation of mylohyoid
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (cn v)
innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid
spinal nerved c1-c3 (ansa cevicalis)
innervation of thyrohyoid
spinal nerves c1 and c2 via hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)
innervation of sternocleidomastoid
accessory nerve (cn xi) and cervical spinal nerves c2-c3
innervation of cricothyroid
vagus nerve (cn x)
innervation of pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
innervation of deltoid
axillary nerve
innervation of coracobrachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve
innervation of pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
innervation of biceps brachii an brachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
innervation of brachioradialis and posterior forearm muscles
radial nerve
innervation of supinator
radial nerve
innervation of pronator teres and pronator quadratus
median nerve
innervation of iliacus, sartorius, pectineus and anterior thigh muscles
femoral nerve
innervation of psoas major
spinal nerves l2-l3
innervation of gracilis
obturator nerve (l2 and l3)
innervation of adductor magnus and adductor longus
obturator nerve and tibial nerve
innervation of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
superficial peroneal nerve
innervation of anterior lower leg
deep peroneal nerve
innervation of splenius capitis and cervicis
cervical spinal nerves
innervation of trapezius
accessory nerve (cn xi) and spinal nerves c3-c5
innervation of levator scapulae
c3-c5 (c5 via the dorsal scapular nerve)
innervation of rhomboideus major and minor
spinal nerve c-5 via dorsal scapular nerve
innervation of teres major
subscapular nerve
innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve (c6-c8)
innervation of supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
innervation of infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
innervation of subscapularis
subscapular nerve
innervation of teres minor
axillary nerve
innervation of triceps brachii and aconeus
radial nerve
innervation of flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor pollicis longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve
innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
medial half- ulner nerve, lateral half-median nerve (anterior interosseus branch)
innervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
innervation of gluteus medius and minimus
superior gluteal nerve
innervation of priformis
spinal nerves l5-s2
innervation of superior gemellus, orturator internus, and quadratus femoris
spinal nerves l5-s1
innervation of hamstring muscles
sciatic nerve
innervation of posterior lower leg
tibial nerve
a
lateral cord
b
axillary nerve
c
musculocutaneous nerve
d
median nerve
e
posterior cord
f
medial cord
g
radial nerve
h
ulnar nerve
a
posterior cord
b
medial cord
c
radial nerve
d
ulnar nerve
e
lateral cord
f
axillary nerve
g
musculocutaneous nerve
h
median nerve
a
lateral cord
b
musculocutaneous nerve
c
median nerve
d
medial cord
e
ulnar nerve
a
medial ord
b
posterior cord
c
axillary nerve
d
ulnar nerve
e
lateral cord
f
musculocutaneous nerve
g
median nerve
a
lateral cord
b
posterior cord
c
medial cord
a
posterior cord
b
medial cord
c
lateral cord
a
lateral cord
b
medial cord
a
posterior cord
b
medial cord
c
lateral cord
a
musculocutaneous nerve
b
median nerve
c
ulnar nerve
a
ulnar nerve
b
musculocutaneous nerve
c
median nerve
a
musculocutaneous nerve
b
ulnar nerve
c
median nerve
a
ulnar nerve
b
musculocutaneous nerve
c
median nerve
a
ulnar nerve
b
median nerve
a
axillary nerve
b
radial nerve
a
radial nerve
b
axillary nerve
a
radial nerve
a
femoral nerve
b
obturator nerve
a
femoral nerve
b
obturator nerve
a
femoral nerve
a
sciatic nerve
b
deep peroneal nerve
c
superficial peroneal nerve
d
common peroneal nerve
e
tibial nerve
a
sciatic nerve
b
common peroneal nerve
c
tibial nerve
a
sciatic nerve
b
common peroneal nerve
c
tibial nerve
sciatic nerve
a
common peroneal nerve
b
superficial peroneal nerve
c
deep peroneal nerve
d
sciatic nerve
e
tibial nerve
a
common peroneal nerve bifricating into superficial peroneal nerve and deep peroneal nerves
b
sciatic nerve bifricating into common peroneal and tibial nerves, with deep peroneal nerve on anterior of lower leg
a
deep peroneal nerve
b
superficial peroneal nerve
begins with structural changes in basal forebrain nuclei, hippocampus, and associative areas of cerebral cortex
alzheimer’s disease
degeneration of pyramidal tracts/ ventral motor tracts
als
loss of smell possibly due to tear of olfactory nerve
anosmia
sudden weakness on one side of face possibly due to stress of a viral infection
bell’s palsy
another name for stroke
cerebral vascular accident
damage to forebrain from an interruption of bloodflow
cerebral vascular accident
type of paralysis completely destroying motor neurons
flaccid paralysis
type of paralysis affecting descending fibers in white matter such that muscles are healthy but cannot be voluntarily moved
spastic paralysis
tumors of brain formed from glial cells that constitute most brain tumors
glioma
degeneration of basal nuclei pathways causing uncontrolled overstimulation
huntington’s disease
accumulation of csf in the ventricles or subarachnoid space. a shunt in inserted to drain into the abdominal cavity
hydrocephalus
what side of the body is affected by cerebellum injury
same side of the body
inflammation of the meninges with spinal tap being used for diagnosis
meningitis
demyelination of cns; autoimmune sensory and muscular disorder
multiple sclerosis
damage to posterior association area leads to neglect of opposite side of body
neglect syndrome
numbness from compression of a peripheral nerve
paresthesia
slow/ jerky movements from degeneration of substantia nigra so inhibitory signals are not sent to basal nuclei
parkinson’s disease
general term for peripheral nerve dysfunction
peripheral neuropathy
virus that cna cause motor nerve damage leading to paralysis
polio
inflammation of the brain causing delerium and death
rabies
helps prevent secondary axonal damage after spinal cord injury
administration of methylprednisolone
cause of sciatic nerve injury
often from herniated lumbar disc that presses on sacral dorsal roots
dormant virus from chicken pox causes scaly blisters on specific dermatomes
shingles
basal nuclei don’t properly regulate dopamine so that it con’t properly interact with the motor cerebral cortex
tourett’s syndrome
another name for trigeminal neuralgia
tic douloureux
chronic pain syndrom in face
trigeminal neuralgia
brain rebounds and hits twice
contrecoup injury
brain injury stretching axons
diffuse axonal injury
