special senses q10 Flashcards
a
optic nerve cn ii
b
lens
a
superior rectus
b
lateral rectus
c
inferior oblique
a
superior rectus
b
superior oblique
c
medial rectus
d
inferior oblique
a
superior rectus
b
superior oblique
c
medial rectus
d
inferior rectus
e
inferior oblique
a
levator palpebrae superioris
b
lacrimal canal
c
lacrimal sac
d
lacrimal gland
e
excretory duct
f
tarsal plates
a
superior and inferior lacrimal puncta
a
levator palpebrae superioris
b
palpebral conjunctiva
c
lacrimal gland
a
sclera
b
cornea
choroid
a
choroid
b
pupil
c
iris
a
ciliary process
b
suspensory ligaments
c
ciliary body
a
pupillary dilators
b
pupillary constrictors
a
retina
b
fovea centralis
c
macula lutea
optic disc
a
posterior cavity
b
anterior cavity
c
posterior chamber
d
anterior chamber
a
external auditory canal
b
pinna/auricle
a
stapes
b
tensor tympani
c
auditory/ eustacian tube
d
incus
e
malleus
f
tympanic membrane/ tympanum
a
ampulla
b
vestibule
c
cochlea
d
anterior semicircular canal
e
posterior semicircular canal
f
lateral semicircular canal
a
utricle
b
saccuole
c
cochlea
d
oval window
e
anterior semicircular canal
f
posterior semicircular canal
g
lateral semicircular canal
a
oval window
b
ampulla
a
posterior semicircular duct
b
anterior semicircular duct
c
vestibular branch of cn viii
d
cochlear branch of cn viii
a
posterior semicircular canal
b
lateral semicircular canal
c
round window
a
anterior semicircular duct
b
anterior semicircular canal
c
utricle
d
saccule
a
scala vestibuli
b
vestibular membrane
c
tectorial membrane
d
scala media
e
basilar membrane
f
scala tympani
g
organ of corti
a
scala vestibuli
b
tectorial membrane
c
scala tympani
d
vestibular membrane
e
scala media
f
organ of corti
g
basilar membrane
innervation of lacrimal gland
viii/ pns produces normal amount of tears
ophthalmic of v causes overproduction of tears
innervation of orbicularis oris
vii
innervation of levator palpebrae superioris
iii
innervation of superior oblique
iv
innervation of lateral rectus
vi
innervation of *other extrinsic muscles of the eye
iii
action of inferior oblique
pulls superior and laterally
action of superior oblique
pulls inferior and laterally
describe vasculature of the fibrous tunic
sclera is vascular and cornea is avascular
another name for suspensory ligaments
zonular fibers
where is the highest density of cones?
fovea centralis
what humor is replaced?
aqueous humor; vitreous is for life
pathway of aqueous humor
ciliary process, posterior chamber of anterior cavity, pupil, anterior chamber of anterior cavity, canal of schlemm, general blood circulation
what produces aqueous humor
ciliary process
pathway of tears
lacrimal glands, excretory duct, tears medially move across eye, lacrimal puncta, lacrimal canilliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal canal, inferior nasal meatus, nasal cavity
neural and pigmented layers of this structure separate. photoreceptors have no blood supply and die
detached retina
clouding of the lens due to inadequate delivery of nutrients
cataracts
why is their minimal rejection of corneal transplants
the cornea is an avascular layer
loss of near vision as the lens thickens and accommodation is lost with age
presbyopia
where does the lens focus in myopia
in front of the retina
describe eyeball in myopia
long
what lenses for myopia
concave
where does lens focus in hyperopia
behind retina
describe eyeball for hyperopia
short
what lenses for hyperopia
convex
more aqueous humor forms than is drained and pressure compresses the optic nerve
glaucoma
macula lutea deteriorates, building up pigment. there is a dry and wet form
age-related macular disease
infection of cornea or conjunctiva leading to inflammation which eventually causes scarring and blindness
trachoma
weak extrinsic eye muscles leading to being cross-eyed
strabismus
describe what is happening in far vision
ciliary muscles is relaxed making zonular fibers tense and a thin lens
describe what is happening in near vision
ciliary muscle contracts, relaxing zonular fibers, and creating a thick lens
pathway of sound
auricle/pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, displaces perilymph in scala vestibuli, vibrates vestibular membrane, displaces endolymph in scala media, vibrates basilar membrane, hair cells rub against tectorial membrane, nerve impulse sent through cochlear branch of cn viii vestibulocochlear
innervation of tensor tympani
mandibular branch of cn v
innervation of stapedius
vii
used for sensorineural deafness. sound energy is converted into electric signals that directly stimulate the cochlear nerve
cochlear implants
sound conduction is impeded in the external or middle ear
conductive deafness
problem with the cochlea or neural pathway of hearing
senoriineural deafness
infection from throat goes to middle ear to mastoid air cells to the brain
mastoiditis
membranous labyrinth is distorted by excess endolymph that distorts equilibrium
meniere’s disease
involuntary motion of the eye
nystagmus
another name for middle ear infection
otitis media
tiny tubes are inserted through the tympanic membrane to drain into the external ear for middle ear infectin
myringotomy
excessive growth of bone tissue makes it such that the stapes can’t move resulting in deafness
otosclerosis
tear of tympanic membrane from otitis media or pressure from a cotton swab
perforated eardrum
gradual loss of hearing with age starting with high-pitched sounds
presbycusis
persistent noise often started to a head/cochlea injury or exposure to a loud noise
tinnitus
where do lower frequencies vibrate basilar membrane
closer to apex of cochlea
where do higher frequencies vibrate basilar membrane
closer to base of chochlea
frequencies change where basilar membrane vibrates
tonotopic organization
role of utricle
static equilibrium/ horizontal linear acceleration
role of saccule
static equilibrium; vertical linear acceleration
function of semicircular canals
monitor rotational acceleration of the head
