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10003 - paramedic science > the skin > Flashcards

the skin Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the biggest consequence of losing your skin?

A
  • loose barrier of protection from infection
  • loose thermoregulation
  • fluid loss
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2
Q

what type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous keratinised
- designed to reduced impact

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3
Q

what type of cells make up the majority of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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4
Q

what are the layers of the skin

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis
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5
Q

what is the structure of the epidermis

A
  • stratum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum Basale
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6
Q

structure of the stratum corneum

A
  • few layers (is thin)
  • no limit in amount of dead cells
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7
Q

structure of the stratum lucidum

A
  • only in thick skin
  • holed down stratum corneum layers as this is where impact on the skin comes from
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8
Q

structure of the stratum granulosum

A
  • cells is dying, nucleus is broken
  • makes granules
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9
Q

structure of the stratum spinosum

A
  • join together and become squamous
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10
Q

structure of the stratum basale

A
  • stem cells of skim
  • where the layers of skin originate from
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11
Q

structure of the dermis

A
  • it’s the connective tissue
  • has capillaries and the lymph
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12
Q

structure of the hypodermis

A
  • large vessels
  • adipose tissue
  • fibrous regions forming compartments
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13
Q

what defenses are in the epidermis

A
  • Langerhans dendritic cells in the stratum granulosm
  • the first line of defence
  • prevents things entering too far into the skin
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14
Q

what holds the epidermis together?

A
  • desmolegens
  • they are different between each layer of skin
  • takes 60 days to get from the bottom to the top - stratum basale to stratum corneum
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15
Q

what is found in the epidermal transition region (epidermis to dermis)

A
  • keratinocytes of stratum basale (dermal peg and rete ridge)
  • tactile epithelial cells
  • melanocytes in the stratum basale
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16
Q

what are tactile epithelial cells

A
  • also called Merkel cells
  • pale staining
  • around cell that binds to free nerve ending to detect pain and itching
17
Q

what do the melanocytes do

A
  • cell processes fill adjacent cells with melanin
  • insert melanin into the epithelial cells (melanin absorbs UV light and protects DNA
  • activity of the melanocytes increases means more cells get melanin - changing skin colour
18
Q

what is impetigo

A

infection of epidermis only spreading over the skin

19
Q

what is psoriasis

A

hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes - can take 7 days for cells to move up to the surface, living cells on top can’t resist impact

20
Q

what is vitiligo

A

autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

21
Q

what are the parts of the dermis

A
  • papillary dermis
  • tactile corpuscle
  • reticular dermis
  • skin dendritic cells
22
Q

papillary dermis

A
  • small capillaries
  • fibroblasts
  • some immune cells
  • composed of connective tissue
  • dermal dendritic cells
  • dermal macrophages
  • basement membrane - hemi-desmosomes > collagen > elastin
23
Q

tactile corpuscle

A
  • detects fine touch (vibrations)
  • located in dermal pegs
  • coated in Schwann cells
24
Q

reticular dermis

A
  • collagen and elastin
  • some immune cells
  • larger vessels
  • glandular tissue
  • merges into the hypodermis
25
Q

skin DCs

A
  • Dc in epidermis and dermis
  • not stationary
  • LDC and DDC separated by surface molecules
26
Q

parts of the hypodermis

A
  • hypodermis (subcutis)
  • lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
27
Q

lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

A
  • deep in the hypodermis
  • very large
  • detect deep touch
28
Q

hair follicles

A
  • start in the hypodermis
  • epidermis stretches down coating the entire hair follicle
  • sebaceous gland
  • arrector pill muscle
29
Q

what is lost in a first degree burn

A

layer of the corneum

30
Q

what is lost in a 2nd degree burn

A
  • loss of epithelium
  • burnt off stem cells
  • stem cells grow out of the hair follicles to repopulate the skin
31
Q

what is lost in a 3rd degree burn

A
  • no hair follicles left
  • fibroblasts are left to cover over but aren’t able to full cover
  • scaring and loss of function of the skin
  • can’t bend skin
  • loss of sensation
  • need a skin graft for new stem cells to stop fluid loss

10003 - paramedic science (26 decks)

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