accessory organ anatomy Flashcards
impressions of the liver
- gastric impressions- right adrenal gland impression
- right renal impression
- colic impression
- oesophageal impression
abdominal ligaments
- falciform ligament
- hepatogastric ligament
what vessels deliver to the liver
- hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)
- portal vein (deoxygenated blood)
hepatic portal vein tributaries
- splenic vein
- inferior mesenteric vein
- superior mesenteric vein
biliary system
- right hepatic duct
- left hepatic duct
- cystic ducts
- common hepatic duct
- bile duct
parts of the pancreas
- tail
- body
- neck
- head
- uncinated process
what ribs are associated with the spleen
9-11
what is the function of the liver
- synthesis of bile
- glycogen storage
- clotting factor production
what are the two external liver surfaces called
- diaphragmatic surface
- visceral surface
diaphragmatic surface of the liver
- anterosuperior surface
- smooth and convex
- posterior aspect is not covered by visceral peritoneum
visceral surface of the liver
- posteroinferior surface of the liver
- covered with peritoneum
- irregular and flat, moulding the shape of the surrounding organs
- in contact with: right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, transverse colon, first part of duodenum, gallbladder, oesophagus, stomach
ligaments of the liver
- falciform ligament
- coronary ligament
- triangular ligament
- lesser omentum
falciform ligament attachment
- anterior surface of liver to anterior abdominal wall
coronary ligament attachment
- superior surface of the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
triangular ligament attachment
- left = left lobe of liver to the diaphragm
- right = right lobe of liver to the diaphragm
lesser omentum attachment
- liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum
caudate lobe of the liver
- upper aspect of the visceral surface
- between the gallbladder and a fossa from the ligamentum teres
quadrate lobe
- lower aspect of the visceral surface
- between the gallbladder and a fossa from the ligamentum teres
blood supply of the liver
- hepatic artery proper
- hepatic portal vein
nerve supply of the liver
- hepatic plexus which is sympathetic and parasympathetic
- enter at the porta hepatis
lymphatic drainage of the liver
- anterior aspect = hepatic lymph nodes
posterior aspect = phrenic and posterior mediastinal nodes
innervation of the gallbladder
vagus nerve
lymph drainage of the gallbladder
cystic lymph nodes
where is the pancrease positioned
at the level of the transpyloric plane
blood vessels in relation to the pancreases
- aorta and inferior vena cava pass posteriorly to the head
- superior mesenteric artery behind neck
- splenic and superior mesenteric are posterior to the neck of the pancreas
what controls the secretion from pancreas into the duodenum
the sphincter of Oddi (a muscular valve)
arterial supply of the pancreas
splenic artery
- head also supplied by the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
venous drainage of the pancreas
the superior mesenteric branches of the hepatic portal vein
what is the lymphatics of the pancreas
- pancreaticosplenal nodes and pyloric nodes
- this drains into the superior mesenteric and coeliac lymph nodes
what is the main function of the sleep
blood filter (removes old red blood cells)
ligaments attaching the spleen
- gastrosplenic ligament
- splenorenal ligament
gastrosplenic ligament attachments
anterior to the selenic hilum, connects spleen to greater curvature of the stomach
splenorenal ligamanet attachments
posterior to the splenic hilum, connects the hilum of the spleen to the left kidney
what are the two outer surfaces of the spleen called
- diaphragmatic surface (diaphragm and rib cage)
- visceral surface (abdominal viscera)
arterial supply of the spleen
splenic artery (arises off the coeliac trunk)
venous drainage of the spleen
splenic vein (combines to the hepatic portal vein)
what is the innervation of the spleen
coeliac plexus
what are the lymphatics of the spleen
pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes
anatomical location of the adrenal glands
- posterior abdomen
- between the superomedial kidney and diaphragm
- retroperitoneal
what is the arterial supply of the adrenal glands
- superior adrenal artery
- middle adrenal artery
- inferior adrenal artery
what is the venous drainage of the adrenal glands
right and left adrenal veins
what is the innervation of the adrenal glands
- coeliac plexus
- greater splanchnic nerves
what is the lymph drainage of the adrenal glands
lumbar lymph nodes
what is the function of the kidneys
- filter and excrete waste products from the blood
- water and electrolyte balance
what is the external structure of the kidneys
- renal capsule
- perirenal fat
- renal fascia
- pararenal fat
what is the internal structure of the kidneys
- cortex and the medulla
- renal pyramids
renal pelvis - major calyx
- minor calyx
- ureter
what is the arterial supply of the kidneys
- renal arteries
- entering in at the renal hilum
what is the venous drainage of the kidneys
- renal veins
- this enter into the inferior vena cava
what is the lymph drainage of the kidneys
lateral aortic lymph nodes
what is the mesentery
double folded peritoneal tissue suspends the small intestine and the large intestine from the posterior abdominal wall
what is the function of the mesentery
- anchors the large and small intestine in place but allows for movement
- provides conduit for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
what is the structure of the mesentery
- a double layered fold of peritoneum
- mesentery of the small intestine
- right mesocolon
- transverse mesocolon
- left mesocolon
- mesosigmoid
- mesorectum
what arteries travel through the mesentery
- superior mesenteric artery = organ supply to midgut
- inferior mesenteric artery = organ supply to hindgut
what is the venous drainage of the mesentery
- superior mesenteric vein
- inferior mesenteric vein
what is the innervation of the mesentery
- superior mesenteric plexus
- this contains parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation
what are the lymph nodes that are found in the mesentery
- inferior mesenteric lymph nodes
- superior mesenteric lymph nodes
