reproductive systems Flashcards
what are the bones of the pelvis
- ileum
- ischium
- pubis
key features of the female pelvis
- ilium is wider and less vertical
- pubic arch is wider with less acute angle
- pelvic inlet is circular
- coccyx is flexible and straight
- ischial spine does not project as far inwards
key features of the male pelvis
- ilium is narrower, more vertical
- pubic arch is v shaped with more acute angle
- pelvic inlet is heart shaped
- coccyx’s is immovable and projects inwards
- ischial spine projects far inwards
what are the male reproductive organs
- testes
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory ducts
- urethra
- penis
key features of the testes
- produces spermatozoa
- spermatozoa is stored in the rete testis
- outer layer - tunica albuginea
- outermost layer - tunic vaginalis
key features of the epididymis
- it is the posterolateral region of the testis
- where the sperm begins to mature
- where there is a reservoir of sperm
- has a head, body and tail
what is the ductus deferens
it is a muscular tube that travels through the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal and into the prostate
what is the function of the ejaculatory ducts
the transport mechanism of semen
structural features of the urethra
- pre-prostatic
- prostatic
- membranous
- spongy
- muscles: internal and external urethral sphincter
what is the innervation of the muscles in the urethra (male)
- internal urethral sphincter - autonomic nervous system
- external urethral sphincter - somatic nervous system
structural features of the penis
- root
- body
- corpus cavernosa
- corpus spongiosum (where the urethra is located)
- ischiocavernosus (somatic)
- bulbosponginosus (somatic)
what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system
- pair of seminal vesicles
- single prostate
- pair of bulbourethral glands
what is the function of the seminal vesicles
- releases seminal fluid
- gives sperm the ability to move and allows them to swim
what is the function of the bulbourethral gland and where is it located
- it clears the way for the seamen coming through
- it comes before the prostate and opens into the spongy urethra
what are the layers of the spermatic cord
- external spermatic fascia (external obliques)
- cremaster muscle (internal obliques)
- internal spermatic fascia
what are the contents of the spermatic cord
- testicular artery
- pampiniform plexus of veins
- ductus deferens
- autonomic nerves
- lymphatics
what is the parasympathetic innervation of the spermatic cord
pelvic splanchnic nerve via hypogastric plexus - for erection
what is the sympathetic innervation of the spermatic cord
lumbar splanchnic nerve via hypogastric plexus - for ejeculation
what is the somatic innervation of the spermatic cord
pudendal nerve - aids both erection and ejeculation
what is the blood supply of the male reproductive system
- internal iliac artery
- internal pudendal artery
- dorsal artery of penis
- testicular supply from abdominal aorta
what is the lymphatic drainage of the male reproductive system
- penis - inguinal nodes
- testis - lumbar/ para-aortic nodes
- iliac nodes
what is the function of pelvic diagphram in the female reproductive system
- supports pelvic viscera
- assists in controlling passage of urine and faeces
- assists with ‘pushing’ during childbirth
what muscles control the pelvic diagphram
- puborectalis
- pubococcygeus
- iliococcygeus
what are the internal reproductive organs in females
- fundus of uterus
- uterine tube
- endometrium
- myometrium
- cervix of uterus
- body of uterus
- fornix of vagina
- vagina
- uterus
- cervix
key features and fact about the uterine tube
- ampulla
- isthmus of uterus
- fimbriae which waft eggs into the infundibulum
- the eggs sit in the infundibulum
- the sperm meets the egg at the opening of the uterine tube and the infundibulum
features of the uterus
- covered in peritoneum
- meso-mesentery
- ovarian ligament
- uterosacral ligament
what are the typical positions of the uterus
- anteverted, anteflexed
- excessive anteflexion
- retroverted
- retroflexed
what is the perineum
- its an extension of the pelvic floor to the skin
- it protects the pelvic floor muscles and vessels
where is the perineum located
- the urogenital triangle
- the anal triangle
what is the external genitalia in females
- labia majora
- labia minora
- superior opening - urethral orifice
- vaginal orifice
- Bartholin gland
- clitoris
blood supply of female reproductive system
- internal iliac artery
- umbilical artery
- vaginal artery (off internal iliac artery and uterine artery)
- ovarian artery
what is the innervation of the female reproductive system
somatic: pudendal nerve - S2,3,4
what is the lymphatics of the female reproductive system
- iliac nodes
- para-aortic nodes
- inguinal nodes
