reproductive systems

Question 1

what are the bones of the pelvis

Answer 1

• ileum
• ischium
• pubis

Question 2

key features of the female pelvis

Answer 2

• ilium is wider and less vertical
• pubic arch is wider with less acute angle
• pelvic inlet is circular
• coccyx is flexible and straight
• ischial spine does not project as far inwards

Question 3

key features of the male pelvis

Answer 3

• ilium is narrower, more vertical
• pubic arch is v shaped with more acute angle
• pelvic inlet is heart shaped
• coccyx’s is immovable and projects inwards
• ischial spine projects far inwards

Question 4

what are the male reproductive organs

Answer 4

• testes
• epididymis
• ductus deferens
• ejaculatory ducts
• urethra
• penis

Question 5

key features of the testes

Answer 5

• produces spermatozoa
• spermatozoa is stored in the rete testis
• outer layer - tunica albuginea
• outermost layer - tunic vaginalis

Question 6

key features of the epididymis

Answer 6

• it is the posterolateral region of the testis
• where the sperm begins to mature
• where there is a reservoir of sperm
• has a head, body and tail

Question 7

what is the ductus deferens

Answer 7

it is a muscular tube that travels through the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal and into the prostate

Question 8

what is the function of the ejaculatory ducts

Answer 8

the transport mechanism of semen

Question 9

structural features of the urethra

Answer 9

• pre-prostatic
• prostatic
• membranous
• spongy
• muscles: internal and external urethral sphincter

Question 10

what is the innervation of the muscles in the urethra (male)

Answer 10

• internal urethral sphincter - autonomic nervous system
• external urethral sphincter - somatic nervous system

Question 11

structural features of the penis

Answer 11

• root
• body
• corpus cavernosa
• corpus spongiosum (where the urethra is located)
• ischiocavernosus (somatic)
• bulbosponginosus (somatic)

Question 12

what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system

Answer 12

• pair of seminal vesicles
• single prostate
• pair of bulbourethral glands

Question 13

what is the function of the seminal vesicles

Answer 13

• releases seminal fluid
• gives sperm the ability to move and allows them to swim

Question 14

what is the function of the bulbourethral gland and where is it located

Answer 14

• it clears the way for the seamen coming through
• it comes before the prostate and opens into the spongy urethra

Question 15

what are the layers of the spermatic cord

Answer 15

• external spermatic fascia (external obliques)
• cremaster muscle (internal obliques)
• internal spermatic fascia

Question 16

what are the contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 16

• testicular artery
• pampiniform plexus of veins
• ductus deferens
• autonomic nerves
• lymphatics

Question 17

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the spermatic cord

Answer 17

pelvic splanchnic nerve via hypogastric plexus - for erection

Question 18

what is the sympathetic innervation of the spermatic cord

Answer 18

lumbar splanchnic nerve via hypogastric plexus - for ejeculation

Question 19

what is the somatic innervation of the spermatic cord

Answer 19

pudendal nerve - aids both erection and ejeculation

Question 20

what is the blood supply of the male reproductive system

Answer 20

• internal iliac artery
• internal pudendal artery
• dorsal artery of penis
• testicular supply from abdominal aorta

Question 21

what is the lymphatic drainage of the male reproductive system

Answer 21

• penis - inguinal nodes
• testis - lumbar/ para-aortic nodes
• iliac nodes

Question 22

what is the function of pelvic diagphram in the female reproductive system

Answer 22

• supports pelvic viscera
• assists in controlling passage of urine and faeces
• assists with ‘pushing’ during childbirth

Question 23

what muscles control the pelvic diagphram

Answer 23

• puborectalis
• pubococcygeus
• iliococcygeus

Question 24

what are the internal reproductive organs in females

Answer 24

• fundus of uterus
• uterine tube
• endometrium
• myometrium
• cervix of uterus
• body of uterus
• fornix of vagina
• vagina
• uterus
• cervix

Question 25

key features and fact about the uterine tube

Answer 25

• ampulla
• isthmus of uterus
• fimbriae which waft eggs into the infundibulum
• the eggs sit in the infundibulum
• the sperm meets the egg at the opening of the uterine tube and the infundibulum

Question 26

features of the uterus

Answer 26

• covered in peritoneum
• meso-mesentery
• ovarian ligament
• uterosacral ligament

Question 27

what are the typical positions of the uterus

Answer 27

• anteverted, anteflexed
• excessive anteflexion
• retroverted
• retroflexed

Question 28

what is the perineum

Answer 28

• its an extension of the pelvic floor to the skin
• it protects the pelvic floor muscles and vessels

Question 29

where is the perineum located

Answer 29

• the urogenital triangle
• the anal triangle

Question 30

what is the external genitalia in females

Answer 30

• labia majora
• labia minora
• superior opening - urethral orifice
• vaginal orifice
• Bartholin gland
• clitoris

Question 31

blood supply of female reproductive system

Answer 31

• internal iliac artery
• umbilical artery
• vaginal artery (off internal iliac artery and uterine artery)
• ovarian artery

Question 32

what is the innervation of the female reproductive system

Answer 32

somatic: pudendal nerve - S2,3,4

Question 33

what is the lymphatics of the female reproductive system

Answer 33

• iliac nodes
• para-aortic nodes
• inguinal nodes