cell structure and function Flashcards
1
Q
core functions of human cells
A
- cell division
- DNA replication and protein synthesis
- cell respiration
- cell migration
- cellular transport
2
Q
prokaryotic cells
A
- single closed compartment
- no defined nucleus
3
Q
eukaryotic cells
A
- has membrane enclosed organelles
- contains defined membrane bound nucleus
4
Q
plasma membrane
A
- dynamic selective barrier
- phospholipid bilyaer
- cell membrane can be repaired if damaged
5
Q
cytoskeleton
A
- gives shape, makes it dynamic
- made of fillaments
6
Q
microfilaments
A
- made of actin
- contractile forces and movement
- moves due to actin polarisation and depolarisation
7
Q
intermediate filaments
A
- strengthens
- gives shape
- nucleus anchor
8
Q
microtubules
A
- hollow tubes and spindle
- used for chromosome division
9
Q
protein folding
A
- change in amino acid sequence means that the polypeptides will be misfolded
- ubiquitin tag added to misfolded protein so it can be degraded
10
Q
mitochondria
A
- harness energy comes from the mitochondria
- energy in the form of ATP use to power protein synthesis, transport of molecules, muscle contraction, cellular movement
11
Q
cell division stages
A
- G1 and s - dna replication
- G2 - check DNA is correct after replication
- m - mitosis
- G1-S-G2 - interphase
12
Q
stages in mitosis
A
- prophase (spindles emerge, condense)
- prometaphase (nuclear envelop broken down, kinetochores at centromere)
- metaphase (spindles line up)
- anaphase (sister chromatids split)
- telophase (opposite side of cell)
- cytokinesis (division of the cells)
13
Q
protein synthesis stage
A
- transcription of mRNA
- mRNA leaves nucleus and docked to ribosomes and translated into polypeptides
- polypeptides are folded in the cytoplasm - more to ER
- move from ER to Golgi and are modified
- transported via vesicles and transported to their desired location
