The SinoSoviet split, 1958–69- The significance of Russian demands in 1958 and the clash of personalities between Khrushchev and Mao

Question 1

when was the treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual existence signed

Answer 1

1950

Question 2

when did Khrushchev replace Stalin as leader of the USSR?

Answer 2

1953

Question 3

when and what was the secret speech?

Answer 3

1956- Khrushchev savaged Stalin’s rule - attacked the cult personality (threatens mao’s authority)

Question 4

why were relations between china and the soviet union strained by 1958? (3)

Answer 4

a soviet rejection of China’s peasant based vision of communism, Mao’s belief that the USSR was attempting to impose unequal agreements like the tsars, Mao’s rejection of de-stalinisation and peaceful coexistence

Question 5

what did Khrushchev put an idea forward for between China and the Soviet Union

Answer 5

joint pacific naval fleet

Question 6

why was the joint pacific naval fleet a point of disagreement

Answer 6

Mao wanted a soviet fleet headed by chinese officers, but Khrushchev wanted the fleet to be headed by soviet officers

Question 7

what else did Khrushchev include in the demands

Answer 7

longwave radio station based in china to control Russia’s submarine fleet, he also wanted permission for soviet navy to carry out repairs in Chinese ports- sailors leave on Chinese territory

Question 8

what did Mao interpret the demands as

Answer 8

attempted violation of Chinese sovereignty - trying to exert influence over china

Question 9

what did Mao see Khrushchev’s moves as

Answer 9

great power chauvinism, also Mao had been waiting years for weapon development (like nuclear weapons) and though K was stalling – though K did not trust him with nuclear weapons

Question 10

how did Mao show disrespect towards Khrushchev

Answer 10

blowing smoke in his face- saw himself as superior

Question 11

where had Chiang Kai Shek gone after the GMD lost the civil war

Answer 11

Taiwan

Question 12

what did Mao believe was china’s destiny?

Answer 12

to take over Taiwan and reunite it with the mainland under communist control

Question 13

what did the USA recognise as the legitimate government of china since 1949

Answer 13

Taiwan, not the PRC

Question 14

what did Mao fear about Taiwan

Answer 14

that it could be used as springboards for a GMD invasion of mainland china

Question 15

what did Mao order in 1958 in regards to Taiwan

Answer 15

a bombardment of the islands- led to the Taiwan crisis

Question 16

what did the Taiwan crisis mean for Sino-soviet relations

Answer 16

Khrushchev didn’t want to threaten the USA (war)– Mao saw him as a coward and a traitor

Question 17

what did Khrushchev’s support for peaceful coexistence with capitalism mean for Mao

Answer 17

personality clash- Mao wanted worldwide revolution

Question 18

what did Khrushchev think of mao

Answer 18

he was hot-headed and unaware of the practical effects of the ideas he advocated

Question 19

why did Mao accuse Khrushchev of revisionism

Answer 19

he reopened relations with Yugoslavia (which had been terminated due to its co-operation with the west) he also granted other soviet nations the right to interpret Marxism in different ways

Question 20

what did Mao perceive as a weakness of Khrushchev

Answer 20

his keenness to establish unity throughout the soviet union– not hardline and honest to communism

Question 21

how was Mao held up as a god-like figure?

Answer 21

in 1961 his followers collated his speeches into the little red book

Question 22

how can Mao’s disregard for Khrushchev be seen in his visit to China in 1958?

Answer 22

He was put in a hotel with no air-con, Mao arranged a meeting in a swimming pool but Khrushchev could not swim (Mao was an excellent swimmer)

Question 23

what signified a full split in sino-soviet relations

Answer 23

the great leap forward

Question 24

how much had the agricultural economy grown in the first five year plan and what did Mao blame

Answer 24

only 3%- blamed china’s dependence of Soviet methods

Question 25

what methods did Mao advocate

Answer 25

forceful collectivisation and communes

Question 26

What bold claim by Mao threatened the ideological dominance of the USSR

Answer 26

that through the use of communes china was going to realise communism, and avoid the detours and pitfalls suffered by the soviet union

Question 27

when was soviet economic assistance withdrawn from china

Answer 27

1959

Question 28

what did mao place at the core of the great leap forward

Answer 28

the empowering of the masses

Question 29

what did Khrushchev fear about giving Mao nuclear weapons

Answer 29

that USA would also arm its allies

Question 30

what was any criticism of the great leap forward seen as

Answer 30

(supporting) soviet revisionism

Question 31

who was Peng Dehuai?

Answer 31

veteran revolutionary and minister for efence that had taken a tour of PRC in 1959 and found out the impact of the Great leap forward

Question 32

what did Peng do in the Lushan meeting in 1959?

Answer 32

put his concerns to Mao about what he saw- Mao was furious and accused peng was attacking his leadership

Question 33

what happened to Peng

Answer 33

due to a visit to the soviet union he was accused of giving them information and he was dismissed

Question 34

when did Khrushchev end all economic assitance to china

Answer 34

1960

Question 35

what did the withdrawal of economic assistance lead to

Answer 35

soviet experts left china, taking blueprints with them, soviet aided factories closed and joint projects were discontinued

Question 36

what did Mao say Khrushchev was by the early 1960s

Answer 36

a redundant old boot that should be thrown away and forgotten about

Question 37

what did Khrushchev call mao in 1961

Answer 37

an Asian hitler and a living corpse