The Growth of Industry- The growth of mining and manufacturing Flashcards
what was one reason for the lack of industrialisation of the cotton industry in china by 1860
the status of women- married early and left the workforce– absence of cheap un-unionised labour for cotton factories, no large army of workers living in the cities
when did chinese industrialisation modelled on british factory models finally emerge
the 1890s- textile factories set up in the north and the east by nationalist minded businessmen
although china had once been the largest cotton grower and manufacturer in the world…
by 1900 it was the worlds biggest cotton importer
when was the domestic cotton industry final overtaken by factory production?
1936
there were ____ textile workers in 1921, and _____ in 1930 making up __% of all workers in Shanghai
30,000, 131,000, 50%
what did strikes in 1921 and 1925 convince employers in factories to do
employ women, assuming they would be more passive and less militant, could pay them less than men
how many strikes were there per 1000 workers
2.2
why was japan so interested in china
they had rapidly industrialised in the late 19th century and needed new resources and territory to colonise and develop, some japanese politicians thought that they could teach china to become a modern nation
what did japan successfully demand at the Paris Peace conference
the shangdong peninsula near Beijing– withdrew from these territories in 1922 after the Washington Conference
what happened to manchuria in 1931
it was seized by Japan and renamed Manchukuo
what did japan do in Manchukuo
build railways, roads and mines, constructed new towns harbours and telegraph lines
who arrived in Manchukuo to direct industrialisation in the region
Japanese technicians, managers and engineers
how much did Japan invest in Manchukuo industry
nearly 6 Billion Yen– meant that the two economies were very dependent on one another
what was the name of the Japanese occupying military force and what did it do
the Kwantung Army- they worked with japanese private businesses to exploit the region economically
how profitable was Manchukou to the Japanese company Mantesu (railway)
grew in value from, 160 million yen to 1 billion yen in 20 years
when was the first 5 year plan
1953-57
what were the central targets of the first 5 year plan
iron, steel and coal
how much did the soviet union offer a loan of to help with the five year plan
2 billion roubles (mao had hoped for 4 billion)
what did Stalin announce in 1952
that the USSR couldnt help china financilly unless they got raw materials in return like rubber
between 1953 and 1957 how many industrial developments were being built, and how many of them were under soviet aid
694, 156 with soviet aid
what did stalin’s death mean in 1953
mao could implement whatever policies he saw fit (stalin had wanted mao to be more moderate with ideas of socialism
who was most affected by the 5 year plan
the chinese peasants, land was subject to collectivisation , in cities small businesses where force to join co-operatives
how many businesses where taken away from their owners in 1956
800,000 (started working in factories after losing their businesses)
after the five year plan steel production leaped from
1.3 million tonnes a year to 5.2 million tonnes
how much people died in the great famine 1958-62 due to the requisitioning of grain
approx 40 million
in 1949 how many hydroelectric power plants were there across china
33 (small)
from 1949-1999 how many more people had access to electricity
1 billion
by january 1958 how much of the entire population was involved in building dams and digging irrigation
1/6th
what did the mass transfer or workers from food production to manual labouring lead to
crops to go unplanted and un harvested– great famine
what did electrification mean for china
rural villages could listen to ccp in loudspeakers, brought support for the communists
what happened to the electricity grid after 1977 (mao gone)
power handed over to local governments
what did a survey reveal about electricity in 1979
that 40% of the rural population had been short of energy for cooking for 3 months
what percentage of books imported to china in the 1960s were science and technology related
80%
why did china shift towards the USA as a source for technological knowledge in the 70s
fear that the soviet union posed a major threat to china
what happened when Nixon visited in 1972
he and mao agreed on a technology transfer for china
when Deng visited USA in 1979 how many protocols for co-operation in science and technological projects did he since
25
what opened in the 80s and 90s
special economic zones
what happened in the SEZs
high-technology manufacturers used low-wage workforce to make computer components, mobile phones and microchips
how much were exports in 1985
US$25 billion, compared to $10 billion in 1978
