The Japanese threat, 1931–41-The significance of the Manchurian Crisis of 1931–33

Question 1

What did the Wall street crash in 1929 mean for Japan

Answer 1

exports were hit hard- USA raised its imports tariff

Question 2

why did Japan have to look towards China?

Answer 2

expanding population, lack of raw materials

Question 3

what was the Tanaka memorial (1927)

Answer 3

alleged Japanese strategic planning document from 1927 in which Prime Minister Baron Tanaka Giichi laid out for Emperor Hirohito a strategy to take over the world.

Question 4

what had Chiang Kai Shek achieved by 1928

Answer 4

unifying most of china

Question 5

what did China’s more unified state under Chiang Kai Shek mean for Japan?

Answer 5

threatened its dominance in Manchuria

Question 6

what did the Japanese do to assert dominance in Manchuria

Answer 6

assassinated the warlord there, hoping his son would be more compliant to their demands– he proved to be loyal to china

Question 7

What did Chiang and the GMD turn their attention to

Answer 7

the rising communist threat- saw it as more significant than the threat posed by military presence of Japan in manchuria

Question 8

was Japan united in its approach towards China?

Answer 8

no- military supported the Tanaka Memorial but the government supported a more diplomatic approach

Question 9

what did the Kwangtung army do on the 18th of sept 1931

Answer 9

blew up a segment of the south manchurian railway and blamed Chinese saboteurs

Question 10

what happened after the Mukden incident

Answer 10

the Kwangtung army occupied official buildings in Mukden, japan gov was forced to agree with this even tho the military had acted before orders.

Question 11

what was Chiang’s reaction after the Mukden incident

Answer 11

he did not want to fight the japanese- he saw communism as a more prominent issue and was deep into a campaign to destroy the communists so he told Zhang Xueliang to withdraw troops

Question 12

what did Chiang do in the wake of japanese invasion

Answer 12

appealed to the League of Nations

Question 13

what did the League of nations do in response to China’s appeal

Answer 13

set up the lytton commission to investigate the matter

Question 14

what did the lytton commission find

Answer 14

that japan was guilty of agression and that China’s sovereignty had been compromised

Question 15

how did Japan react to the Lytton report

Answer 15

ignored it and walked out of the league, never to return

Question 16

did the League offer any support to china despite the report’s findings?

Answer 16

no, didnt send troops

Question 17

how did Chinese people react to the Japanese invasion

Answer 17

boycotts- Japanese sales in china were cut by 2/3

Question 18

when was Manchuria conquered by Japan

Answer 18

1932

Question 19

what happened to Puyi?

Answer 19

he was made the chief executive of the newly named Manchukuo by the Japanese

Question 20

why did the Japanese appoint Puyi?

Answer 20

to give Manchukuo a chinese character (make it legitimate) but it was really a puppet regime

Question 21

Shanghai- what did japan do

Answer 21

military officers wanted to create a situation to justify conflict (end the boycott of japanese goods) – group of japanese monks were beaten by a chinese crowd to they had the excuse they needed

Question 22

what happened when Japanese marines landed in Shanghai

Answer 22

they were opposed by the Guomindang ( GMD) troops– japan then ordered an aerial bombardment

Question 23

how many Japanese troops were in shanghai?

Answer 23

70,000

Question 24

what did Chiang do against the GMD army’s wishes

Answer 24

called them out of shanghai

Question 25

how was Shanghai devastated?

Answer 25

after the GMD retreated, the victorious Japanese troops went on a rampage of rape, looting and murder

Question 26

what was the cost of the damage to Shanghai schools, houses, shops and factories?

Answer 26

around $1.5 billion

Question 27

what did the resulting (war in shanghai) armistice stipulated

Answer 27

that a neutral zone be drawn around the city

Question 28

why did Chiang adopt a position of appeasement?

Answer 28

he still did not thing that China was strong enough to defeat japan – he truly thought that Japan could not be resisted until the CCP had been eliminated.

Question 29

what did the Kwangtung army do in Rehe in 1933

Answer 29

claimed the area (neighbouring province to Manchuria)

Question 30

what did the Tanggu treaty do

Answer 30

recognised japanese control of Manchuria, Rehe and Hopei