Reconciliation with old enemies and the return of Hong Kong, 1978–97- The significance of closer cooperation with Japan

Question 1

when was the bilateral communique (Japan and china)

Answer 1

1972

Question 2

what did the bilateral communique entail

Answer 2

Japan recognised the PRC and they combined to forcefully oppose the concept of superpower hegemony in south-asia

Question 3

when did negotiations begin between china and japan

Answer 3

1975

Question 4

when was the treaty of peace and friendship and what was it

Answer 4

1978- peaceful coexistence, no renewal of a sino-soviet alliance and agree to negotiate issues without force- both assure neither wanted regional dominance

Question 5

what did Japan support in 1980

Answer 5

China joining the IMF and worldbank

Question 6

what was Japan the first country to do when China joined the IMF

Answer 6

first to offer bilateral loans with 4 major assistance packages amounting to $13 billion to develop the steel industry

Question 7

what was there by the 1990s that worried some chinese

Answer 7

a trade imbalance in favour of japan

Question 8

how was the trade imbalance with japan eased

Answer 8

further liberalisation in China meant heavier japanese foreign direct investment could take place, ranging from $2 billion in 1989 to $10 billion by mid 1990s

Question 9

what was one notable japanese investment

Answer 9

the Baoshan Steel complex

Question 10

when were there diplomatic visits between japan and china

Answer 10

1978 (Deng to japan), 1982 (Zhao Ziyang to japan), 1984 (J-C), 1986 (J-C), 1992 Emperor Hirohito to china

Question 11

what was Japanese response to Tiananmen square

Answer 11

stayed quiet

Question 12

when were full diplomatic relations established with the USA

Answer 12

1979

Question 13

what was a sticking point between china and the USA

Answer 13

Taiwan

Question 14

what did the USA do in 1979 that was significant

Answer 14

recognised the PRC as the sole legitimate chinese state- removed military personnel from taiwan - taiwan was a part of china

Question 15

when did deng visit the USA

Answer 15

1979

Question 16

when did Jiang Zemin visit the USA

Answer 16

1997

Question 17

what was significant about Jiang Zemin’s vistit to USA

Answer 17

it came at a time of high sino-american tensions- human rights protests (tibetan independence)

Question 18

what did China resent about the USA

Answer 18

its condemnation of its handling of domestic affairs and the economic and arms sanctions from 1989

Question 19

what did Clinton say in the 1997 visit

Answer 19

that they were prepared to turn a blind eye to the PRC’s human rights record and focus on trade

Question 20

what were the main exports from the USA to china in 1979

Answer 20

steel, iron, cereals, raw materials etc

Question 21

what did China export to USA in 1979?

Answer 21

feathers, fireworks, cotton fabrics

Question 22

when did China become America’s most favoured nation

Answer 22

1991

Question 23

what did the MFN status mean to China

Answer 23

removed the high tariffs for chinese exports

Question 24

how much grain was imported from china to the USA in 1988

Answer 24

$699million

Question 25

what was china importing by the end of the 1980s

Answer 25

technologically advanced products

Question 26

how much of US imports from china were textiles and clothing

Answer 26

40%

Question 27

how much had bilateral trade increased from between 1978-85

Answer 27

$1 billion a year (1978) to $7 billion a year (1985)

Question 28

what else did the USA provide China with

Answer 28

military equipment like helicopters, became an ally to the usa in 1980 so there was loosened weapons transfer