The SinoSoviet split, 1958–69- The reasons for, and importance of, Mao's growing fears of the Soviet Union

Question 1

Where had Russia held a lot of influence in China since the early 20th Century

Answer 1

Xinjiang

Question 2

what happened in Xinjiang in 1961

Answer 2

non-ethnic Chinese emigrated in droves into the USSR to enjoy the better living conditions

Question 3

from 1961-62 how many left china

Answer 3

approx 70,000

Question 4

what did the Migration lead the CCP to accuse the USSR of?

Answer 4

attempting to destabilise and even detach Xinjiang from the PRC

Question 5

what did Mao try to do in the wake of a weakened USSR

Answer 5

assert Chinese influence worldwide- present china as a realistic alternative to the USSR (dissent against Khrushchev emerging in eastern europe, he also tried to appeal to african nations)

Question 6

what offered a unique opportunity for Mao to exploit in terms of Albania

Answer 6

Khrushchev was firmly against the stalinist tendencies withing the albanian communist party– grown distant from the USSR, USSR withdrew financial assistance from Albania

Question 7

what did Albania mean for PRC

Answer 7

gave it a foothold in eastern europe

Question 8

when did the PRC and India fight an armed conflict

Answer 8

in 1962

Question 9

where was the worst hit by famines due to the Great Leap Forward?

Answer 9

tibet

Question 10

why did India feel uneasy about Tibet

Answer 10

there was a growing number of hostile chinese troops on its eastern border

Question 11

why did the tensions with india cause a rift in sino-soviet relations?

Answer 11

china expected full soviet support for 2 reasons 1) china was fighting to revise the chinsese-indian border set by the british (imperialism which communism opposed) 2) china was a communist ally and india was not

Question 12

what did Khrushchev say about the Chinese handling of tibet

Answer 12

that it was incompetent, sad and stupid

Question 13

how did the USSR react when war broke out between india and china

Answer 13

remained neutral BUT had supplied India with fighter planes

Question 14

how long did fighting last

Answer 14

1 month

Question 15

when did the USA and USSR come close to war?

Answer 15

during the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 16

when did the USA launch an unsuccessful invasion of communist cuba

Answer 16

1961

Question 17

how did Khrushchev react to the USA’s aggression in Cuba

Answer 17

decided to install soviet nuclear weapons there

Question 18

what did Kennedy demand when he learned of USSR intentions in Cuba

Answer 18

that they send their warships back- Khrushchev relented and turned back

Question 19

what was Mao’s reaction to the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 19

he though K had acted like a coward, upset that USSR had been willing to give nuclear weapons to Cuba but not China

Question 20

when was the Nuclear test ban treaty signed

Answer 20

1963

Question 21

who was involved in the Nuclear test ban treaty

Answer 21

UK, USA and USSR

Question 22

what did the Nuclear test ban treaty entail?

Answer 22

cease of over-ground nuclear tests to slow the proliferation of nuclear weapons, clause to prevent countries that did not already have nuclear weapons from getting them

Question 23

how did Mao react to the Nuclear test ban treaty

Answer 23

accused USSR of protecting its own nuclear deterrent but preventing china from having the same capability

Question 24

when did the PRC detonate their first nuclear weapon successfully and how did they make it

Answer 24

1964. using the documents shredded by the soviet scientists that had left in 1960

Question 25

what was the Malinovsky affair

Answer 25

the USSR defence secretary drunkenly said that china should follow the USSR in the fact that they had removed their fool Khrushchev and they should remove their fool, Mao

Question 26

when was Khrushchev removed and replaced by Brezhnev

Answer 26

1964

Question 27

what was the aim of the Cultural revolution?

Answer 27

political demonstration of Mao’s beliefs, to purge Chinese society of traditional and capitalist elements

Question 28

what were the Four Olds that Mao hoped to destroy

Answer 28

old Chinese culture, habits, customs and ideas

Question 29

when was the cultural revolution

Answer 29

1966-70

Question 30

what did both the PRC and USSR do in 1967

Answer 30

withdrew their ambassadors

Question 31

what happened as the cultural revolution became more militant

Answer 31

the chance of soviet intervention increased

Question 32

what had the soviet union developed by 1968

Answer 32

the Brezhnev doctrine

Question 33

what did the Brezhnev doctrine state

Answer 33

the USSR would forcefully intervene in the domestic affairs of any eastern european communist nation should it be deemed that threats to socialism were at large

Question 34

why did Mao oppose the Brezhnev doctrine

Answer 34

didnt want the USSR to set a precedent for intervening in domestic affairs of communist countries– could be used against Mao