The SinoSoviet split, 1958–69- The reasons for, and importance of, Mao's growing fears of the Soviet Union Flashcards
Where had Russia held a lot of influence in China since the early 20th Century
Xinjiang
what happened in Xinjiang in 1961
non-ethnic Chinese emigrated in droves into the USSR to enjoy the better living conditions
from 1961-62 how many left china
approx 70,000
what did the Migration lead the CCP to accuse the USSR of?
attempting to destabilise and even detach Xinjiang from the PRC
what did Mao try to do in the wake of a weakened USSR
assert Chinese influence worldwide- present china as a realistic alternative to the USSR (dissent against Khrushchev emerging in eastern europe, he also tried to appeal to african nations)
what offered a unique opportunity for Mao to exploit in terms of Albania
Khrushchev was firmly against the stalinist tendencies withing the albanian communist party– grown distant from the USSR, USSR withdrew financial assistance from Albania
what did Albania mean for PRC
gave it a foothold in eastern europe
when did the PRC and India fight an armed conflict
in 1962
where was the worst hit by famines due to the Great Leap Forward?
tibet
why did India feel uneasy about Tibet
there was a growing number of hostile chinese troops on its eastern border
why did the tensions with india cause a rift in sino-soviet relations?
china expected full soviet support for 2 reasons 1) china was fighting to revise the chinsese-indian border set by the british (imperialism which communism opposed) 2) china was a communist ally and india was not
what did Khrushchev say about the Chinese handling of tibet
that it was incompetent, sad and stupid
how did the USSR react when war broke out between india and china
remained neutral BUT had supplied India with fighter planes
how long did fighting last
1 month
when did the USA and USSR come close to war?
during the Cuban Missile Crisis
when did the USA launch an unsuccessful invasion of communist cuba
1961
how did Khrushchev react to the USA’s aggression in Cuba
decided to install soviet nuclear weapons there
what did Kennedy demand when he learned of USSR intentions in Cuba
that they send their warships back- Khrushchev relented and turned back
what was Mao’s reaction to the Cuban missile crisis
he though K had acted like a coward, upset that USSR had been willing to give nuclear weapons to Cuba but not China
when was the Nuclear test ban treaty signed
1963
who was involved in the Nuclear test ban treaty
UK, USA and USSR
what did the Nuclear test ban treaty entail?
cease of over-ground nuclear tests to slow the proliferation of nuclear weapons, clause to prevent countries that did not already have nuclear weapons from getting them
how did Mao react to the Nuclear test ban treaty
accused USSR of protecting its own nuclear deterrent but preventing china from having the same capability
when did the PRC detonate their first nuclear weapon successfully and how did they make it
- using the documents shredded by the soviet scientists that had left in 1960
what was the Malinovsky affair
the USSR defence secretary drunkenly said that china should follow the USSR in the fact that they had removed their fool Khrushchev and they should remove their fool, Mao
when was Khrushchev removed and replaced by Brezhnev
1964
what was the aim of the Cultural revolution?
political demonstration of Mao’s beliefs, to purge Chinese society of traditional and capitalist elements
what were the Four Olds that Mao hoped to destroy
old Chinese culture, habits, customs and ideas
when was the cultural revolution
1966-70
what did both the PRC and USSR do in 1967
withdrew their ambassadors
what happened as the cultural revolution became more militant
the chance of soviet intervention increased
what had the soviet union developed by 1968
the Brezhnev doctrine
what did the Brezhnev doctrine state
the USSR would forcefully intervene in the domestic affairs of any eastern european communist nation should it be deemed that threats to socialism were at large
why did Mao oppose the Brezhnev doctrine
didnt want the USSR to set a precedent for intervening in domestic affairs of communist countries– could be used against Mao
