The Sans Culotte and their Influence

Question 1

who were the SCs

Answer 1

• working-class supporters of the political left-wing and idolise Marat and Danton and met in the Cordeliers Club
• supportive of policies far more radical than the majority moderates members in the Assembly
• many were artisans, craftsmen small shopkeepers and laundry women

Question 2

what was the Journee of 20 June 1792

Answer 2

• on the anniversary of the tennis court oaths
• mob of 8000 SCs with some NG marched to the Tuilleries
• carried petitions, demanding that Louis withdraw his vetoes and reinstate his pro-war Girondins
• a limp affair, he allowed his door to be opened placed a bonnet rouge on his head and drank to the revolution, made no promises but the crowd was satisfied and they withdrew
• the arrival of the news that the Army of the North was in retreat on 2 July justified the SCs demands

Question 3

what was the outcomes

Answer 3

• 11 July, La Patrie en danger was issued in response to French reverses in the war calling on all men to support the war effort
• 25 July Robespierre gave a speech to the Assembly that France should be a republic
• 1 August Brunswick Manifesto- warned the enemy armies, that any NG captured by the Austrians should be put to death without any mercy and that Paris would suffer vengeance if the harm came to the King, adding fuel to the arguments of those who wanted to get rid of the monarchy

Question 4

what the Journee of 10 August 1792

Answer 4

• 20,000 SCs march to the Tulleries accompanied 2000 federes
• demonstration was well planned, both sides were well-armed
• The king was persuaded to seek refuge in the Assembly, while 2-3000 men in total took up positions to defend the Palace
• many of the defending NGs defected and the crowds were able to surge into the courtyard
• two-hour battle, a place set on fire, 1000 SCs and federes were killed or wounded, Swiss guard and gentlemen-at-arms were killed

Question 5

what were the repercussion of the 10th August 1792

Answer 5

• PC removed the King and royal family to the Temple Prison, but they didn’t proclaim to dispose of the King or establish a republic and said he was temporarily suspended
• decree to end the voting distinctions, a new constitution elected by all men over 25 years was promised
• Danton made Min of Justice and set up a committee of ministers to take executive power until new elections were held
• 17 August a special tribunal was set up with juries and judges elected by the sections to prosecute traitors. 26 August refractory priests were given 2 weeks to leave the country or face deportation in French Guyana
• all compensation to former seigneurs was cancelled
• Lafayette defected to the Austrians in 19 August and Dumoriez replaced him