reaction to change internally and externally Flashcards
who was the salon francais
a noble faction
produced Les Actes des Apotres a satirical pamphlet which took up the defence of the monarch
L’Ami du Roi issued in June 1790 was another royalist publication.
The Societies de 89 founded by Sieyes was for supporters of constitutional monarchists and met at Palais-Royal
charged a high entry fee so its membership came from wealthy moderates like Lafayette and Bailly.
who was the radicals
the Jacobins on the left wing was a more radical faction in 1791 and the Feuillant club was made in July.
fees were reduced and in October 1791 artisans and shopkeepers joined in large numbers
who were the cordeliers
left faction started in April 1790.
claimed to protect citizen’s rights and keep a watch on the activities of the Assembly. entry fee was minimal and membership was open to all including women and passive citizens. Danton and Desoimins were founders and Marat was a member. radical democratic and Republican ideas
why were clubs influential
as provided a platform for propaganda and delivered their views in the form of petitions to the Assembly. they produced revolutionary pamphlets which reached out to the ordinary people through public readings, extracts or proclaimed on the streets
why did the FoV happen
- The King was a prisoner in the Tuileries, The CCC had challenged his deepest convictions even though he accepted them in Dec 1790, on 2 April 1791, Mirabeau died who favoured a constitutional monarchy,
what was the flight to varennes
On 18 April A mob flanked by radical NG stopped LXVI and his family from celebrating Easter given by a refractory priests
- LXVI rejected his adviser’s choice to travel separately instead they travelled in a large 6-horse carriage, departure was delayed, and LXVI was recognized by an old soldier turned postmaster Drouret. Reps from NA arrived to escort the Royal family back to Paris
what was the outcome of the flight
- he made a list of excuses for his flight and spoke of his opposition to the NA’s reforms
- NA debated deposing LXVI but eventually decided on a temporary suspension on 16 July 1791 until the new constitution was ready
- 290 Assembly abstained from voting to suspend the King’s power since they believed the measure went too far
- in popular clubs and radical press calls for the King’s abdication and trial was demanded a Republic spread
what was the demonstration at the Champs de Mars
the Cordeliers Club and other extreme societies decided to organise a meeting at the Champs de Mars on 17th July where people could sign a petition calling for the establishment of a republic
what was the outcome
- 6000 people made their way to the meeting, sparking more fears of order and the NA and PC chose to send Lafayette to ensure order
- as the number grew and Lafayette moved in to disperse the mob stones were thrown at the NG. when warning shots didn’t move them the NG fired directly at the people around 50 were killed
- forced the closure of many patriotic clubs and newspapers and drove out the extremist leaders. Danton went to England while Des and Marat went to hiding
- to the radicals, this was a betrayal of the people by the moderates, a massacre. completed the split that had already opened among those to the former third estate. some took the side of moderates and this split the Jacobin club into the Feuillant Club with Barnave and Lafayette
what was the origin of war
- 27 August Austrian Emperor Leopold II and his ally Williams of Prussia issued the Declaration of Pilnitz:
the situation of the French King was of common interest to all the nations
the powers of the French crown should be restored
they were ready to use force to bring about the restoration of royal power
how did the DoP affect everyone
- it added to the mistrust of those who had already lost their faith in the Monarchy and the threat of the noble emigres who were building private armies in neighbouring Austrian or German Rhineland states. by the end of 1791, an estimated 60% of all pre-revolutionary army officers were among these
- 9 November: a decree against the emigres, threatening perpetual banishment and the seizure of their property unless they returned to France before 1 Jan 1792
- 29 November- a decree demanding that refractory priests take the oath or be treated as traitors
how did LXVI actions affect everyone
- LXVI used his suspensory veto against both of the measures
- NA was concerned that Prussia and Austria were supporting the emigres and stirring up counter-revolution
what were the reasons for the war
- Brissot argued that the war would be easily won since the oppressed subjects of their enemies would welcome the French soldiers as ‘men of liberty’. there was little opposition to the idea of war as the far left had failed to get any seats in the elections. Robespierre opposed war alone and the revolutionaries had to establish the revolution at home but his idea made little impact
- The royal family also favoured war because LXVI was in secret correspondence with his brothers and other emigres and wanted to bring restoration to the crown
what did LXVI do and what did Austria and Prussia do
- LXVI appointed several grinding ministers to please the Assembly
- Feb 1792, Austria and Prussia made an alliance where Prussia would provide 20k men in support of war against France. Leopold died and the lack of response led to the French declaration of war on Austria on 20 April 1792
what was the nature of the war
- The troops were divided. The Blues made up of volunteer battalions and largely NG of active citizens did not trust the ‘whites’ men from the old royal army.
- a setback at Lillie on 28 April when the French troops retreated on sight of the enemy and massacred one of their officers
what laws did the NA put in place
- 27 May- NA voted for the deportation of refractory priests on the grounds they were provoking disturbance
- 29 May- disbanding of Kings guard which appeared to celebrate the military setbacks
- 8 June- set up a Federer camp for the volunteer soldiers
how did LXVI react to the laws of NA
LXVI used his suspensory veto against all measures and on 13 July he dismissed his pro-war Girondin ministers
Lafayette was accused of planning a revolution and Dumoriez following the decision on 13 July left to fight in Paris
