The Rest of the Vitamins, etc. Flashcards
What are antioxidants?
free radicals from normal oxidative reactions or from pollutants
T/F: antioxidants are more easily oxidized
true
What are antioxidant defenses?
superoxide dismulase, gluthahione peroxidase, catalase, vitamin E, various carotenoids, vitamin C, bilirubin, uric acid, ubiquinone, lipoic acid, metal-binding proteins
What is the function of vitamin E?
antioxidant
how is vitamin E absorbed?
with other lipids; transported on chylomicron but exchanged with other lipoprotins and then picked up in the liver from the chylomicron remnants for metabolism
Where is vitamin E stored?
in adipose tissue
how is vitamin E excreted?
most via bile that exits the body in the feces
What is the RDA for vitamin E?
15 mg/d of alpha-tocopherol
What is the RDA dependent on for vitamin E?
intake of PUFA
What is the UL for vitamin E?
1000 mg/d supplement only
What does vitamin E deficiency cause?
neurological disorders, hemolytic anemia, retinopathy, platelet and lymphocyte malfuntction
who is at risk for vitamin E deficiency?
observed only in infants or young children with fat malabsorption and smokers
What is the UL for vitamin E?
1000 mg alpha-tocopherol
What is the vitamin K function?
blood coagulation
how is vitamin K absorbed?
with lipids on chylomicron
where is vitamin K stored?
in the liver
What is the AI for vitamin K?
120 micrograms/d for men and 90 micrograms/d for women
what are sources of vitamin K?
green leafy vegetables best
what is a symptom of vitamin K deficiency?
prolonged clotting time
what is caused from vitamin K toxicity
menadione (hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia)
how is pantothenic acid absorbed?
probably by diffusion and is converted to (CoA) coenzyme A and ACP (acyl carrier protein)
What is the function of CoA?
important coenzyme in many reaction in intermediary metabolism
What is the function of ACP?
fatty acid carrier in chain elongation, etc.
What is the AI for pantothenic acid?
5 mg/d
