Ethanol (2/5)

Question 1

What is the chemical formula for ethanol?

Answer 1

CH3CH2OH

Question 2

How much energy does alcohol yield?

Answer 2

7 kcal/g

Question 3

What is the US average intake of alcohol?

Answer 3

76 kcal/d

Question 4

T/F: alcohol is not water soluble

Answer 4

FALSE; is water soluble

Question 5

How is alcohol absorbed?

Answer 5

passively beginning in the stomach

Question 6

What is fermentation?

Answer 6

yeast converts sugars (mono- and disaccharides) to alcohol, water, and CO2

Question 7

What must happen to starch before it can go through fermentation?

Answer 7

the starch must first be malted (sprouted) to produce sugars

Question 8

is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 8

BOTH! begins aerobically (yeast produce) and the anaerobically (alcohol produced)

Question 9

When 1 glucose unit goes through fermentation how many ethanol molecules does it produce?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What are the three metabolic pathways for alcohol?

Answer 10

alcohol dehydrogenase pathway (ADH), microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS), and catalase pathway

Question 11

Where does the ADH pathway occur?

Answer 11

mostly in the liver but also in the stomach

Question 12

Where does the MEOS pathway occur?

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

Where does the catalase pathway occur?

Answer 13

liver and other cells

Question 14

What is the alcohol intake that activates ADH?

Answer 14

low to mod. intake

Question 15

What is the alcohol intake that activates MEOS?

Answer 15

mod. to excessive intake

Question 16

What is the alcohol intake that activates the catalase pathway?

Answer 16

mod. to excessive intake

Question 17

What is the extent of participation in alcohol metabolism for the ADH?

Answer 17

metabolizes about 90% of alcohol

Question 18

What is the extent of participation in alcohol metabolism for MEOS?

Answer 18

increses with increasing alcohol intake

Question 19

What is the extent of participation in alcohol metabolism for the catalase pathway?

Answer 19

minor

Question 20

What is the rate of metabolism for alcohol?

Answer 20

0.1 g/kg body weight * hr (range= 0.06-0.2 g/kg)

Question 21

What percent of alcohol in blood leads to intoxication (police arrest)?

Answer 21

0.08%

Question 22

What percent of alcohol in blood leads to respiratory arrest?

Answer 22

0.4%

Question 23

What are the signs and symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

Answer 23

confusion/stupor, vomiting, low blood sugar, severe dehydration, seizures, slow or irregular breathing & heartbeat, blue-tinged or pale skin, low body temp, unconsciousness

Question 24

How can you use alcohol safely?

Answer 24

moderation, some groups should avoid, and avoidance by individuals engaging in activities requiring attention, skill coordination, etc.

Question 25

What groups should avoid using alcohol?

Answer 25

those who cannot restrict their drinking to mod. levels; pregnant women, less than legal drinking age; medicines or medical conditions

Question 26

What are the risk of drinking alcohol?

Answer 26

accidents, strokes, medication interactions, some forms of cancer, continued tissue exposure, "empty" calories, fetal alcohol syndrome, and heavier drinking

Question 27

What are benefits of drinking alcohol?

Answer 27

psychological (stress reduction), cardiovascular (reduced risk), and increased appetite (elderly)

Question 28

What are fetal alcohol syndrome effects?

Answer 28

behavioral abnormalities, learning abnormalities, lifelong learning disabilities, and physical birth defects