The Respiratory System (Anatomy)

Question 1

what

Answer 1

provides oxygen, disposes of co2, helps regulate blood pH

Question 2

how

Answer 2

gas exchnge occurs in the alveoli and at capillary beds

Question 3

why

Answer 3

cells need oxygen to survive; excess co2 = acidic blood (interferes with cellular function)

Question 4

organs of the respiratory system

Answer 4

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, smaller bronchi branches, lungs, alveoli

Question 5

upper respiratory system

Answer 5

nose, pharynx, larynx

Question 6

lower respiratory system

Answer 6

trachea, bronchi, smaller bronchi branches, lungs, alveoli

Question 7

nares

Answer 7

nostrils

Question 8

what divides the nasal cavity

Answer 8

midline nasal septum

Question 9

where are olfactory receptors

Answer 9

in the mucosa beneath the ethmoid bone

Question 10

mucosa job

Answer 10

warms and moistens the air while trapping bacteria and debris

Question 11

cilia job

Answer 11

sweeps mucosa filled with bacteria up/down towards the pharynx (to be swallowed and digested)

Question 12

how is the mucosa on cilia produced

Answer 12

goblet cells

Question 13

nasal conchae

Answer 13

mucosa covered projections

Question 14

nasal conchae purpose

Answer 14

• increase the surface area of the mucosa exposed to the air
• increase air turbulence in the nasal cavity
• inhaled particles trapped in the mucosa

Question 15

where are nasal conchae located

Answer 15

nasal cavity

Question 16

regions of the pharynx (top to bottom)

Answer 16

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 17

what seperates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Answer 17

the palate

Question 18

the palates (types and location)

Answer 18

hard palate (anterior), soft palate (posterior)

Question 19

cleft palate

Answer 19

palate bones that have not medially fused

Question 20

paranasal sinuses

Answer 20

• produce mucus (drains into nasal cavity)

- nasolacrimal (tear) ducts empty into nasal cavities

Question 21

rhinitis

Answer 21

• inflammation of nasal mucosa

- nasal congestion, postnasal drip

Question 22

sinusitis

Answer 22

• sinus inflammation

- change in voice quality

Question 23

pharynx nickname

Answer 23

throat

Question 24

larynx nickname

Answer 24

voicebox

Question 25

larynx jobs

Answer 25

• route air and food into proper channels

- speech

Question 26

how many cartilages in the larynx

Answer 26

8 rigid hyaline cartilages; 1 flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis)

Question 27

adam’s apple

Answer 27

the largest hyaline cartialge (the thyroid cartilage)

Question 28

epiglottis job

Answer 28

air to larynx; food to esophagus

Question 29

reflex if food goes down the wrong pipe

Answer 29

cough

Question 30

true vocal cords

Answer 30

the mucous membrane of the larynx that vibrates with exhalation

Question 31

glottis

Answer 31

the vocal cords and slitlike the passageway between them

Question 32

trachea nickname

Answer 32

windpipe

Question 33

where are c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage located

Answer 33

trachea

Question 34

c-shaped hyaline cartilages purpose

Answer 34

• to allow the esophagus (which runs posteriorly behind the trachea) to expand with large chunks of food
• keep the trachea walls open despite pressure changes in breathing

Question 35

what closes the c-shaped rings

Answer 35

the trachealis muscle

Question 36

what lines the trachea

Answer 36

ciliated mucosa

Question 37

how do the bronchi form

Answer 37

division of the trachea

Question 38

top of lung

Answer 38

apex

Question 39

bottom of lung

Answer 39

base

Question 40

what divides the lobes of the lungs

Answer 40

fissues

Question 41

how many lobes in the left lung

Answer 41

2

Question 42

how many lobes in the right lung

Answer 42

3

Question 43

why does one lung have a smaller number of lobes

Answer 43

to compensate for the mediastinum and heart

Question 44

what lines the lungs inferiorly

Answer 44

diaphragm

Question 45

layers of the covering of the lungs (outside to inside)

Answer 45

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura

Question 46

what do the pleural membranes produce

Answer 46

pleural fluid

Question 47

pleural fluid purpose

Answer 47

reduce friction

Question 48

where does gas exchange occur (and what structures are included)

Answer 48

diffusion in the lungs between the alveoli and capillaries

Question 49

walls of alveoli tissue

Answer 49

simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 50

lung tissue

Answer 50

elastic CT

Question 51

tight vocal cords (outcome)

Answer 51

high pitched voice

Question 52

what factor contributes to the volume of a voice

Answer 52

how much air is being pushed out

Question 53

right bronchi

Answer 53

shorter, wider, steep angle, food more likely to lodge here

Question 54

secondary bronchi (how many on each side)

Answer 54

3 right, 2 left (corresponds to lobes)

Question 55

carina

Answer 55

the point of division from the trachea to bronchi

Question 56

trachea tissue

Answer 56

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 57

pneumocyte

Answer 57

alveoli cell

Question 58

surfactant

Answer 58

keeps alveoli from collapsing

Question 59

bronchiole walls

Answer 59

smooth muscle