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Anatomy & Physiology > Stomach and Small Intestine > Flashcards

Stomach and Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the stomach

A

a j-shaped organ between the esophagus and small intestine

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2
Q

4 functions of the stomach

A
  • temporary storage of ingested food
  • mechanical breakdown of food
  • chemical digestion of food by acid and enzymes
  • production of intrinsic factor for the absorption of B12
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3
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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4
Q

cardia

A

small area near the esophgeal sphincter

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5
Q

fundus

A

balloons above the cardia serving as temporary storage

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6
Q

body

A

main portion of the stomach

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7
Q

pylorus

A

inferior end of the J connects the stomach to the small intestine; regulates the flow of chyme through the pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

what is special about the stomach wall

A

there is an extra layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis

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9
Q

function of stomach wall specialization

A

provides additional strength and churning ability

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10
Q

rugae

A

numerous folds that flatten as the stomach fills

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11
Q

rugae function

A

allows for greater mechanical friction and more volume (1.5 L)

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12
Q

max stomach content

A

4 L

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13
Q

stomach wall tissue

A

simple columnar epithelia and mucous lining

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14
Q

gastric pits

A

depressions allowing for secretion of alkaline mucous

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15
Q

gastric pits in the fundus

A

juices are secreted from deeper gastric glands

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16
Q

4 types of secretory epithelia

A
  • goblet cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • g cells
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17
Q

goblet cells

A

secrete alkaline mucous that protects and lubricates

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18
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

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19
Q

predominant glandular cell in the body of the stomach

A

parietal cells

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20
Q

chief cells

A

secrete pepsinogen

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21
Q

how is pepsin created

A

combination of pepsinogen and HCL

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22
Q

chief cells location

A

fundus

23
Q

g cells

A

secrete gastrin which triggers HCL secretions

24
Q

g cells location

A

pylorus

25
Q

how much absorption happens in the stomach

A

little to none

26
Q

purpose of alkaline mucous

A

offsets the acidity of chyme

27
Q

how often does the migrating motor complex occur

A

every 1.5 - 2 hours

28
Q

stomach ulcers

A

open sores in the mucosal and submucosal lining of the stomach

29
Q

what can cause stomach ulcers

A
  • H. pylori (bacteria)
  • stress aggravated
  • smoking and drugs
30
Q

how are stomach ulcers treated

A

antibiotics and antacids

31
Q

small intestine

A

the longest section of the alimentary canal responsible for the most absorption

32
Q

cholecystokinin

A

a hormone released into the small intestine to slow gastric motility of chyme

33
Q

how long does chyme stay in the small intestine

A

3-10 hours

34
Q

3 sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

35
Q

duodenum

A
  • receives chyme from the stomach

- receives secretions from the liver and pancreas via pancreatic and common bile ducts

36
Q

jejunum

A

40% of the small intestine

37
Q

ileum

A
  • connects to the large intestine via the cecum

- 60% of the small intestine

38
Q

how is the small intestine suited for absorption

A
  • transverse mucosal folds

- villi

39
Q

how is the small intestine suited for absorption

A
  • transverse mucosal folds
  • villi
  • microvilli
40
Q

villi

A
  • projections from the mucosa into the lumen covered with epithelia
  • each contains its own blood and lymphatic capillaries and nerve fiber
41
Q

villi

A
  • projections from the mucosa into the lumen covered with epithelia
  • each contains its own blood and lymphatic capillaries and nerve fiber
42
Q

what is the epithelium of the villi

A

simple columnar cells

43
Q

microvilli

A

further increase surface area for maximal absorption

44
Q

secretions of enzymes for continued digestion

A
  • peptidases
  • sucrase/maltase/lactase
  • intestinal lipase
45
Q

peptidases

A

splits peptide chains into amino acids

46
Q

sucrase/maltase/lactase

A

contines carbohydrate reduction to monosaccharides

47
Q

intestinal lipase

A

splits lipids into fatty acid and glycerol

48
Q

what controls secretions of the small intestine

A

parasympathetic nervous system and hormones

49
Q

where are intestinal glands and secretions found

A

the valleys between villi

50
Q

what do intestinal glands secrete

A

a watery pH neutral fluid to dissolve nutrients for absorption

51
Q

pH of chyme

A

2 (acidic)

52
Q

mesentery

A

double fold of mucosa

53
Q

mesentery job

A

anchor blood vessels and nerves

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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