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Anatomy & Physiology > Digestive System Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

functions

A
  • break down food for “fuel”

- break down of food providing building blocks of growth and development

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2
Q

where is “fuel” used

A

the metabolism

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3
Q

what is “fuel”

A

simple carbs and fatty acid

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4
Q

6 processes

A
  • ingestion
  • mastication
  • digestion
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • excretion of waste
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5
Q

mastication

A

chewing; the mechanical processing of food

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6
Q

digestion

A

chemical processing of food

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7
Q

what parts of the body are involved in mastication

A

teeth, tongue, palate, cheeks

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8
Q

4 layers of the alimentary canal (inside to outside)

A
  • mucosal layer
  • submucosa layer
  • muscularis layer
  • serosa layer
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9
Q

mucosal layer

A

epithelium and loose CT

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10
Q

muscularis layer

A
  • involuntary smooth muscle

- inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle

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11
Q

how can we eat and drink hanging upside down

A

muscularis layer

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12
Q

submucosa layer

A
  • loose CT

- contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphs, and islands of smooth muscle

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13
Q

serosa layer

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • forms all connections to body wall membranes
  • continuous with mesentery
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14
Q

which layer moves food through the digestive tract

A

muscularis layer

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15
Q

what parts of the body are responsible for sensory analysis

A

lips and tongue

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16
Q

what part of the body is responsible for lubrication

A

salivary glands

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17
Q

what part of the body is responsible for the enzymatic digestion of carbs

A

salivary glands

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18
Q

is salivation voluntary

A

no

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19
Q

is mastication voluntary

A

yes

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20
Q

what is the vestibule

A

the space between the lips, cheeks, and teeth

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21
Q

where does the soft palate end

A

the uvula

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22
Q

which bone is the tongue attached to

A

hyoid bone

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23
Q

how many secondary teeth

A

32

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24
Q

do the cheeks have any sensory function

A

no

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25
Q

the cheek is a ______

A

muscle

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26
Q

what are the lips

A
  • highly mobile muscles covered in skin

- vascular with many receptors

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27
Q

what are lip receptors responsible for

A

texture and temperature

28
Q

job of the lips

A

prehension

29
Q

prehension

A

to draw food into oral cavity

30
Q

what is the tongue

A

a large skeletal muscle

31
Q

what connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

the lingual frenulum

32
Q

job of the tongue

A

mechanical mixing of food with saliva by pushing it against the palate

33
Q

how does food not slide into the pharynx

A

the raised papillae at the posterior surface

34
Q

what is needed in order for taste to occur

A

the food must be dissolved in saliva

35
Q

senses of taste

A

salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami (potable water)

36
Q

what bones make up the soft palate

A

there is no bone

37
Q

what bones make up the hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine

38
Q

how many baby teeth

A

20

39
Q

when do the baby teeth usually erupt

A

6 months - 2 years

40
Q

when are all of the baby teeth normally fully grown

A

4 years

41
Q

when do all of the secondary teeth normally come in

A

17-25 years

42
Q

what makes up teeth

A

dentin (strong as bone)

43
Q

what determines the health of the teeth

A

maternal genetics

44
Q

incisors job

A

knife

45
Q

canine and cuspid job

A

tearing

46
Q

molars job

A

grind

47
Q

salivary gland job

A

moisten, lubricate, dissolve, produce enzymes, help clean mouth and teeth, digest carbs

48
Q

types of salivary glands

A

parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual salivary duct

49
Q

parotid gland

A
  • back of jaw, in front of ear

- produces amylase

50
Q

amylase job

A

digest carbs into disaccharides

51
Q

submandibular gland

A
  • floor of the mouth

- serous and mucus secretions

52
Q

sublingual gland

A
  • ducts on either side of the frenulum

- mucous secretions

53
Q

palatine tonsils

A

posterior wall of oropharynx

54
Q

deglutition defintion

A

swallowing

55
Q

deglutition process

A
  1. after mastication the tongue forces the bolus into the pharynx (voluntary)
  2. the bolus stimulates receptor cells along the pharyngeal wall triggering peristalsis; uvula and soft palate are drawn upward to close off nasal cavity; epiglottis covers the trachea and breathing is briefly inhibited
  3. peristalsis continues to move the bolus into the esophagus
56
Q

secretion

A

water, acid, enzymes, and buffers to aid digestion and absorption

57
Q

absorption

A

movement of macromolecules, vitmains, electrolytes, and water into blood and lympg

58
Q

3 sections of pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

59
Q

nasopharynx

A
  • contains adenoid tissue and opening of the eustachian tube

- passageway for air from the nasal cavity to the pharynx

60
Q

oropharynx

A
  • contains palatine tonsils

- allows passage of air and food

61
Q

laryngopharynx

A
  • contains the opening to the trachea covered by the epiglottis
  • continuous with esophagus
62
Q

esophagus

A
  • posterior to trachea
  • enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
  • little to no absorption of nutrient
  • protective and lubricating mucous secretions
63
Q

2 sphincters of esophagus

A

upper and lower

64
Q

upper esophagus

A

relaxes to allow bolus in and pulls the larynx forward during deglutition

65
Q

lower esophagus

A

controls exit of bolus and prevents regurgitation of stomach content

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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