Digestive System Quiz 1 Flashcards
functions
- break down food for “fuel”
- break down of food providing building blocks of growth and development
where is “fuel” used
the metabolism
what is “fuel”
simple carbs and fatty acid
6 processes
- ingestion
- mastication
- digestion
- secretion
- absorption
- excretion of waste
mastication
chewing; the mechanical processing of food
digestion
chemical processing of food
what parts of the body are involved in mastication
teeth, tongue, palate, cheeks
4 layers of the alimentary canal (inside to outside)
- mucosal layer
- submucosa layer
- muscularis layer
- serosa layer
mucosal layer
epithelium and loose CT
muscularis layer
- involuntary smooth muscle
- inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle
how can we eat and drink hanging upside down
muscularis layer
submucosa layer
- loose CT
- contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphs, and islands of smooth muscle
serosa layer
- loose connective tissue
- forms all connections to body wall membranes
- continuous with mesentery
which layer moves food through the digestive tract
muscularis layer
what parts of the body are responsible for sensory analysis
lips and tongue
what part of the body is responsible for lubrication
salivary glands
what part of the body is responsible for the enzymatic digestion of carbs
salivary glands
is salivation voluntary
no
is mastication voluntary
yes
what is the vestibule
the space between the lips, cheeks, and teeth
where does the soft palate end
the uvula
which bone is the tongue attached to
hyoid bone
how many secondary teeth
32
do the cheeks have any sensory function
no
the cheek is a ______
muscle
what are the lips
- highly mobile muscles covered in skin
- vascular with many receptors
what are lip receptors responsible for
texture and temperature
job of the lips
prehension
prehension
to draw food into oral cavity
what is the tongue
a large skeletal muscle
what connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
the lingual frenulum
job of the tongue
mechanical mixing of food with saliva by pushing it against the palate
how does food not slide into the pharynx
the raised papillae at the posterior surface
what is needed in order for taste to occur
the food must be dissolved in saliva
senses of taste
salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami (potable water)
what bones make up the soft palate
there is no bone
what bones make up the hard palate
maxilla and palatine
how many baby teeth
20
when do the baby teeth usually erupt
6 months - 2 years
when are all of the baby teeth normally fully grown
4 years
when do all of the secondary teeth normally come in
17-25 years
what makes up teeth
dentin (strong as bone)
what determines the health of the teeth
maternal genetics
incisors job
knife
canine and cuspid job
tearing
molars job
grind
salivary gland job
moisten, lubricate, dissolve, produce enzymes, help clean mouth and teeth, digest carbs
types of salivary glands
parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual salivary duct
parotid gland
- back of jaw, in front of ear
- produces amylase
amylase job
digest carbs into disaccharides
submandibular gland
- floor of the mouth
- serous and mucus secretions
sublingual gland
- ducts on either side of the frenulum
- mucous secretions
palatine tonsils
posterior wall of oropharynx
deglutition defintion
swallowing
deglutition process
- after mastication the tongue forces the bolus into the pharynx (voluntary)
- the bolus stimulates receptor cells along the pharyngeal wall triggering peristalsis; uvula and soft palate are drawn upward to close off nasal cavity; epiglottis covers the trachea and breathing is briefly inhibited
- peristalsis continues to move the bolus into the esophagus
secretion
water, acid, enzymes, and buffers to aid digestion and absorption
absorption
movement of macromolecules, vitmains, electrolytes, and water into blood and lympg
3 sections of pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
- contains adenoid tissue and opening of the eustachian tube
- passageway for air from the nasal cavity to the pharynx
oropharynx
- contains palatine tonsils
- allows passage of air and food
laryngopharynx
- contains the opening to the trachea covered by the epiglottis
- continuous with esophagus
esophagus
- posterior to trachea
- enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
- little to no absorption of nutrient
- protective and lubricating mucous secretions
2 sphincters of esophagus
upper and lower
upper esophagus
relaxes to allow bolus in and pulls the larynx forward during deglutition
lower esophagus
controls exit of bolus and prevents regurgitation of stomach content
