Heart Quiz

Question 1

heart wall layers (inner to outer)

Answer 1

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity

Question 2

endocardium

Answer 2

• inner lining of the heart wall

- continuous with the vasculature

Question 3

what is the endocardium known as in blood vessels

Answer 3

endothelium

Question 4

myocardium

Answer 4

• biggest layer
• ## thick muscular layer

Question 5

myo- meaning

Answer 5

muscle

Question 6

what type of tissue of endocardium

Answer 6

loose areolar CT

Question 7

what is myocardium made of

Answer 7

cardiomyocytes (cells that make up cardiac muscle)

Question 8

cardiac muscle

Answer 8

• highly branched short striated muscle with 1 nucleus

- connected with intercalated discs (special channel protein) that allow for free exchange between cells

Question 9

epicardium (of heart walls)

Answer 9

• loose CT and epithelia

- visceral pericardium

Question 10

pericardial cavity

Answer 10

• filled with serous (watery) fluid

- reduces friction and provides protection

Question 11

4 valves

Answer 11

atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

Question 12

atrioventricular valves

Answer 12

• tricuspid valve (3 cusps; between right atrium and ventricle)
• bicuspid aka mitral valve (2 cusps; between left atrium and ventricle)

Question 13

semilunar valves

Answer 13

• pulmonary semilunar valve (between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery)
• aortic semilunar valve (between the left ventricle and aorta)

Question 14

chordae tendinae

Answer 14

anchors the cusps of the AV valves to the walls of the ventricles

Question 15

av valve process

Answer 15

• when the heart is relaxed blood passively fills the atriums, the AV valve cusps hang limp
• when the ventricles contract they press on the blood in the chambers and pressure forces the AV valve to close upwards
• the chordae tendinae anchor the valves to make sure they do not blow into the atria

Question 16

semilunar valve process

Answer 16

• when ventricles contract the cusps are opened and flattened against the walls of the artery
• when the ventricles relax the blood begins to flow back toward the ventricle and the cusps fill with blood, closing them

Question 17

when are av valves open / closed

Answer 17

during heart relaxation / during ventricle contraction

Question 18

when are semilunar valves open / closed

Answer 18

during ventricle contraction / during heart relaxation

Question 19

pulmonary circuit course

Answer 19

right ventricle → lungs → left atrium

Question 20

pulmonary circulation function

Answer 20

to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and return it to the heart

Question 21

systemic circuit course

Answer 21

left ventricle → body tissue → right atrium

Question 22

systemic circulation function

Answer 22

supplies oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the body organs

Question 23

circulatory system

Answer 23

vena cava (vein) → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk (artery) → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary veins → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → rest of body → vena cava

Question 24

do the RA + RV or LA + LV have the thicker muscle and why

Answer 24

LA / LV; pushes the blood throughout the entire body

Question 25

which vein / artery empties at the coronary sinus

Answer 25

great cardiac vein