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Anatomy & Physiology > Histology/Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Histology/Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells and their extracellular matrix specialized to perform the same function

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2
Q

extracellular matrix

A

environment around cells

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3
Q

4 main types of tissue

A

-epithelial -connective -nervous -muscle/contractile

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4
Q

epithelial tissue

A

-covers all structured surfaces -lines all hollow chambers and organs -makes up all glands

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5
Q

connective tissue

A

-provides support, structure, and transport

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6
Q

nervous tissue

A

provides a flow of information through electrical signaling

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7
Q

muscle/contractile tissue

A

provides movement

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8
Q

major functions of epithelial tissue

A

-protection -absorption -filtration -secrete/excrete -provide sensation

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9
Q

protection of epithelial tissue

A

protects from internal and external environment

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10
Q

Absorption of epithelial tissue

A

ex: nutrients from food in digestive system

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11
Q

filtration of epithelial tissue

A

-turns metabolic waste into urine -water retainment, etc.

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12
Q

secrete/excrete of epithelial tissue

A

-excretes CO2 -secretes oxygen, hormones, etc.

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13
Q

provide sensation (epithelial tissue)

A

ex: cones in retina

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14
Q

characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

-location -orientation -alignment of cells -avascular -regenerate cells

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15
Q

lumen

A

space

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16
Q

apical

A

faces empty space

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17
Q

basal

A

forms base of tissue

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18
Q

basement membrane

A

provides attatchement to other tissues

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19
Q

alignment of cells in epithelial tissue

A

-tightly packed -no extracellular matrix -allows for more permeability

20
Q

permeability

A

-“gate keepers” -controls what gets in/out

21
Q

avascular

A

no direct blood flow

22
Q

avascular in epithelial tissue

A

epithelial tissue relies of adjacent tissue for blood floq

23
Q

cells regenerate in epithelial tissue

A

-specific to epithelial tissue -very limited in all other tissues

24
Q

apical adaptation

A

-microvilli -cilia

25
Q

microvilli

A

-increases surface area -helps with absorption

26
Q

cilia

A

-extension of filaments from inside cell -made of proteins that give it movement -ex: respiratory (coughing)

27
Q

layers of epithelial celss

A

-simple -stratified -pseudostradified -transitional

28
Q

simple

A

1 layer

29
Q

stratified

A

2+ layers

30
Q

pseudostratified

A
  • looks like many layers but is only 1 layer
  • respiration airways (trachea, bronchi, etc.) -cilia at apical surface
31
Q

transitional

A

-2+ layers -more pliable -urinary bladder

32
Q

cell shape

A

-squamos -cuboidal -columnar

33
Q

squamos

A

-irregular shape -flat -good for diffusion

34
Q

cuboidal

A

-rounded cube -central nucleus -good for. secretion

35
Q

columnar

A

-basocentric nucleus (nucleus close to basement membrane) -slow process

36
Q

simple squamos epi

A

-rapid diffusion/filtration -1 layer of squamos -secrete watery fluids -lines blood vessels

37
Q

simple cuboidal epi

A

high secretion

38
Q

simple columnar

A

-slow secretion and absorption -large intestine

39
Q

stratified squamos

A

-2+ layers of squamos -is where mechanical stress is high (ex: jaw/mouth)

40
Q

stratified cuboidal and columnar

A

-very rare -cuboidal: almost never find more than 2 layers -columnar: found in mammary gland

41
Q

stratified transitional

A

-2-4 layers max -found in bladder lining -tissue can stretch to almost 1 layer

42
Q

_________ makes up all glands

A

epithelium

43
Q

types of glands

A

-exocrine -endocrine

44
Q

exocrine

A

secretions are through ducts in gland to surface of tissue (ex: sweat)

45
Q

endocrine

A

-secrete product (hormones) into extracellular matrix, then to blood -includes pituitary gland, thyroid, ovaries, testes, etc.

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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