Histology/Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

a group of cells and their extracellular matrix specialized to perform the same function

Question 2

extracellular matrix

Answer 2

environment around cells

Question 3

4 main types of tissue

Answer 3

-epithelial -connective -nervous -muscle/contractile

Question 4

epithelial tissue

Answer 4

-covers all structured surfaces -lines all hollow chambers and organs -makes up all glands

Question 5

connective tissue

Answer 5

-provides support, structure, and transport

Question 6

nervous tissue

Answer 6

provides a flow of information through electrical signaling

Question 7

muscle/contractile tissue

Answer 7

provides movement

Question 8

major functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 8

-protection -absorption -filtration -secrete/excrete -provide sensation

Question 9

protection of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

protects from internal and external environment

Question 10

Absorption of epithelial tissue

Answer 10

ex: nutrients from food in digestive system

Question 11

filtration of epithelial tissue

Answer 11

-turns metabolic waste into urine -water retainment, etc.

Question 12

secrete/excrete of epithelial tissue

Answer 12

-excretes CO2 -secretes oxygen, hormones, etc.

Question 13

provide sensation (epithelial tissue)

Answer 13

ex: cones in retina

Question 14

characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 14

-location -orientation -alignment of cells -avascular -regenerate cells

Question 15

lumen

Answer 15

space

Question 16

apical

Answer 16

faces empty space

Question 17

basal

Answer 17

forms base of tissue

Question 18

basement membrane

Answer 18

provides attatchement to other tissues

Question 19

alignment of cells in epithelial tissue

Answer 19

-tightly packed -no extracellular matrix -allows for more permeability

Question 20

permeability

Answer 20

-“gate keepers” -controls what gets in/out

Question 21

avascular

Answer 21

no direct blood flow

Question 22

avascular in epithelial tissue

Answer 22

epithelial tissue relies of adjacent tissue for blood floq

Question 23

cells regenerate in epithelial tissue

Answer 23

-specific to epithelial tissue -very limited in all other tissues

Question 24

apical adaptation

Answer 24

-microvilli -cilia

Question 25

microvilli

Answer 25

-increases surface area -helps with absorption

Question 26

cilia

Answer 26

-extension of filaments from inside cell -made of proteins that give it movement -ex: respiratory (coughing)

Question 27

layers of epithelial celss

Answer 27

-simple -stratified -pseudostradified -transitional

Question 28

simple

Answer 28

1 layer

Question 29

stratified

Answer 29

2+ layers

Question 30

pseudostratified

Answer 30

- looks like many layers but is only 1 layer - respiration airways (trachea, bronchi, etc.) -cilia at apical surface

Question 31

transitional

Answer 31

-2+ layers -more pliable -urinary bladder

Question 32

cell shape

Answer 32

-squamos -cuboidal -columnar

Question 33

squamos

Answer 33

-irregular shape -flat -good for diffusion

Question 34

cuboidal

Answer 34

-rounded cube -central nucleus -good for. secretion

Question 35

columnar

Answer 35

-basocentric nucleus (nucleus close to basement membrane) -slow process

Question 36

simple squamos epi

Answer 36

-rapid diffusion/filtration -1 layer of squamos -secrete watery fluids -lines blood vessels

Question 37

simple cuboidal epi

Answer 37

high secretion

Question 38

simple columnar

Answer 38

-slow secretion and absorption -large intestine

Question 39

stratified squamos

Answer 39

-2+ layers of squamos -is where mechanical stress is high (ex: jaw/mouth)

Question 40

stratified cuboidal and columnar

Answer 40

-very rare -cuboidal: almost never find more than 2 layers -columnar: found in mammary gland

Question 41

stratified transitional

Answer 41

-2-4 layers max -found in bladder lining -tissue can stretch to almost 1 layer

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ makes up all glands

Answer 42

epithelium

Question 43

types of glands

Answer 43

-exocrine -endocrine

Question 44

exocrine

Answer 44

secretions are through ducts in gland to surface of tissue (ex: sweat)

Question 45

endocrine

Answer 45

-secrete product (hormones) into extracellular matrix, then to blood -includes pituitary gland, thyroid, ovaries, testes, etc.