Integumentary System Flashcards
what does the integumentary system consist of
- skin
- hair
- nails
- glands
accessory organs of the integumentary system
- hair
- nails
- glands
problems that can be seen on the skin
- anemia
- respiratory issues
- liver
- cancer
- shock
anemia
pale
respiratory issues
cyanotic (lack of oxygen, the skin has a blue tinge)
liver
yellow (jaundice)
cancer
grayish
shock
extremely pale
why do people have to take nail polish off when going into surgery
so doctors can see if there is a lack of oxygen due to machine failure, etc.
functions of the integumentary system
- protection
- temperature control
- synthesis of vitamin D
- sensory reception
- excretion/secretion
- storage of nutrients
protection function of integumentary system
- mechanical (bumps and cuts)
- chemical (from acids and bases)
- pathogen
- thermal (heat and cold)
- UV rays
temperature control function of integumentary system
- fatty insulation
- sweat glands
- muscles for goosebumps
synthesis of vitamin D function of integumentary system
made in skin, triggered by sunlight
storage of nutrients
fat (energy)
other names for skin
- cutaneous membrane
- integument
2 layers of skin
- apical (epidermis)
- deeper (dermis)
epidermis tissue
stratified squamos
dermis tissue
dense irregular CT
gland tissue
simple cuboidal
epidermis layers (innermost to outermost)
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidem
- Stratem Corneum
Stratum Basale
- deepest layer
- basement membrane attatches to dermis
- contains stem cells for new production
stem cell name in Stratum Basale
keratinocytes
Stratum Spinosum
mitotic cells start to flatten
Stratum Granulosum
- mitosis stops
- keratonioses production starts
Stratum Lucidem
only in thick skin in plantar and palmar regions
Stratum Corneum
- outermost layer
- 15-30 layers of dead keratinized epithelial cells
- no nerve connection or vascularity
melanocytes
- produce melanin (yellow/brown/black pigment
- freckles and moles
- protect from UV radiation
- found in S. Basale
epidermal dendrytic cells
- in the S. Spinosum
- signal to immune when bacteria/virus invades
merkel cells
- in the S. Basale
- attatched to nerve (associated with touch)
keratin
- tough, fatty, water resistant
- hair, nails, hooves, feather
special surface
- keratin
- arid, nutrient poor environment inhospitable to most bacteria
dermis
- deeper layer of cutaneous membrane
- CT layer
- strong, stretchy skin that holds us together
- highly vascular and high nerve supply
the hide
dermis
2 parts of dermis
- superficial paprillary layer
- deep reticular dermis
superficial paillary layer
- areolar loose CT
- creates dermal papillae
dermal papillae
- nipples
- peglike indents to the epidermis above
what do papillae contain
- capillaries (nourish epidermis)
- nerve endings
- pain, temp, touch receptors
papillae arranged in unique pattern…
…to increase friction and grip (fingerprints)
deep reticular dermis tissue
dense irregular CT
deep reticular tissue contains
- sweat glands
- sebaceous (oil) glands
- hair follicle structure
- deep pressure sensory receptors
pain receptors (deep reticular dermis)
nociceptor
hypodermis (other names)
- subcutaneous layer
- supficial facia
hypodermis
- stabilizes integument relative to the muscle under
- loose CT filled with adipocytes (good insulator for trapping heat)
- presence of blood, lymph, and nerve
hypodermic needle
injectable substance diffuses in CT and takes time to diffuse into bloodstream
skin color
combo of pigments in cutaneous membrane and blood supply
3 pigments
- melanin
- carotene
- hemoglobin
hemoglobin color
- high oxygen - bright red
- low oxygen - dark red/purple
melanocytes
- most basal surface of epidermis
- synthesizes melanin and transfers it to a new epithelia of the S. Germinativum packaged in small vesicles
- melanin colors entire epidermis
- melanin activity not numbers determine skin color
- melanocyte activity increases with expose to UV radiation
dermal circulation
carotene and hemoglobin contribute to skin color due to its translucent nature
carotene
yellow-green glow (similar to Jaundice)
lack of blood supply
- constricted vessels
- pale.whiter appearance
lack of oxygen in blood supply
cyanotic appearance in areas of thin skin
