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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the integumentary system consist of

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
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2
Q

accessory organs of the integumentary system

A
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
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3
Q

problems that can be seen on the skin

A
  • anemia
  • respiratory issues
  • liver
  • cancer
  • shock
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4
Q

anemia

A

pale

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5
Q

respiratory issues

A

cyanotic (lack of oxygen, the skin has a blue tinge)

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6
Q

liver

A

yellow (jaundice)

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7
Q

cancer

A

grayish

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8
Q

shock

A

extremely pale

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9
Q

why do people have to take nail polish off when going into surgery

A

so doctors can see if there is a lack of oxygen due to machine failure, etc.

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10
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A
  • protection
  • temperature control
  • synthesis of vitamin D
  • sensory reception
  • excretion/secretion
  • storage of nutrients
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11
Q

protection function of integumentary system

A
  • mechanical (bumps and cuts)
  • chemical (from acids and bases)
  • pathogen
  • thermal (heat and cold)
  • UV rays
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12
Q

temperature control function of integumentary system

A
  • fatty insulation
  • sweat glands
  • muscles for goosebumps
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13
Q

synthesis of vitamin D function of integumentary system

A

made in skin, triggered by sunlight

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14
Q

storage of nutrients

A

fat (energy)

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15
Q

other names for skin

A
  • cutaneous membrane

- integument

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16
Q

2 layers of skin

A
  • apical (epidermis)

- deeper (dermis)

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17
Q

epidermis tissue

A

stratified squamos

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18
Q

dermis tissue

A

dense irregular CT

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19
Q

gland tissue

A

simple cuboidal

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20
Q

epidermis layers (innermost to outermost)

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Lucidem
  • Stratem Corneum
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21
Q

Stratum Basale

A
  • deepest layer
  • basement membrane attatches to dermis
  • contains stem cells for new production
22
Q

stem cell name in Stratum Basale

A

keratinocytes

23
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

mitotic cells start to flatten

24
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A
  • mitosis stops

- keratonioses production starts

25
Q

Stratum Lucidem

A

only in thick skin in plantar and palmar regions

26
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  • outermost layer
  • 15-30 layers of dead keratinized epithelial cells
  • no nerve connection or vascularity
27
Q

melanocytes

A
  • produce melanin (yellow/brown/black pigment
  • freckles and moles
  • protect from UV radiation
  • found in S. Basale
28
Q

epidermal dendrytic cells

A
  • in the S. Spinosum

- signal to immune when bacteria/virus invades

29
Q

merkel cells

A
  • in the S. Basale

- attatched to nerve (associated with touch)

30
Q

keratin

A
  • tough, fatty, water resistant

- hair, nails, hooves, feather

31
Q

special surface

A
  • keratin

- arid, nutrient poor environment inhospitable to most bacteria

32
Q

dermis

A
  • deeper layer of cutaneous membrane
  • CT layer
  • strong, stretchy skin that holds us together
  • highly vascular and high nerve supply
33
Q

the hide

A

dermis

34
Q

2 parts of dermis

A
  • superficial paprillary layer

- deep reticular dermis

35
Q

superficial paillary layer

A
  • areolar loose CT

- creates dermal papillae

36
Q

dermal papillae

A
  • nipples

- peglike indents to the epidermis above

37
Q

what do papillae contain

A
  • capillaries (nourish epidermis)
  • nerve endings
  • pain, temp, touch receptors
38
Q

papillae arranged in unique pattern…

A

…to increase friction and grip (fingerprints)

39
Q

deep reticular dermis tissue

A

dense irregular CT

40
Q

deep reticular tissue contains

A
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous (oil) glands
  • hair follicle structure
  • deep pressure sensory receptors
41
Q

pain receptors (deep reticular dermis)

A

nociceptor

42
Q

hypodermis (other names)

A
  • subcutaneous layer

- supficial facia

43
Q

hypodermis

A
  • stabilizes integument relative to the muscle under
  • loose CT filled with adipocytes (good insulator for trapping heat)
  • presence of blood, lymph, and nerve
44
Q

hypodermic needle

A

injectable substance diffuses in CT and takes time to diffuse into bloodstream

45
Q

skin color

A

combo of pigments in cutaneous membrane and blood supply

46
Q

3 pigments

A
  • melanin
  • carotene
  • hemoglobin
47
Q

hemoglobin color

A
  • high oxygen - bright red

- low oxygen - dark red/purple

48
Q

melanocytes

A
  • most basal surface of epidermis
  • synthesizes melanin and transfers it to a new epithelia of the S. Germinativum packaged in small vesicles
  • melanin colors entire epidermis
  • melanin activity not numbers determine skin color
  • melanocyte activity increases with expose to UV radiation
49
Q

dermal circulation

A

carotene and hemoglobin contribute to skin color due to its translucent nature

50
Q

carotene

A

yellow-green glow (similar to Jaundice)

51
Q

lack of blood supply

A
  • constricted vessels

- pale.whiter appearance

52
Q

lack of oxygen in blood supply

A

cyanotic appearance in areas of thin skin

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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