The Respiratory System Flashcards
List the organs of the Respiratory System
Nose Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
Define the Structure: Lungs
Apex- the narrow superior portion of each lung
Base- the broad lung area resting on the diaphragm
Left Lung- has 2 lobes
Right Lung- has 3 lobes
What is the surface of each lung covered with?
a visceral serosa called the Visceral Pleura
The walls of the thoracic cavity are lined by…
Parietal Pleura
Name the 4 events of Respiration
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External respiration
- Respiratory gas transport
- Internal respiration
Define: Cellular Respiration
is the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissue cells
Define the Function: Respiratory System
- Supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
- Provides an airway for respiration
- Moistens and warms inhaled air
- Filters and cleans inhaled air
- Serves as resonating chamber for speech
- Houses olfactory receptors
What are the 3 regions of the Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What are the 2 Functional Zones of the Respiratory system
Conducting Zone
Respiratory Zone
Respiratory System
Describe: Conducting Zone
consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and terminal bronchi
- conducts air to the respiratory zone
- filters. humidifies and warms the air
Respiratory System
Describe: Respiratory Zone
consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli
Define the Function: Pharynx
Passageway for air and food
Define the Function: Larynx
Air passageway
Prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract
Voice production
Define the Function: Trachea
Air passageway
Cleans, warms and moistens incoming air
How many Alveolar cells are there?
Type 1 and Type 2
Define the Function: Type 1 alveolar cell
facilitates gas exchange by diffusion
Define the Function: Type 2 alveolar cell
responsible for the production of surfactent
Respiratory System
Define the Function: Macrophage in Alveolus
they wander through the alveolus and engulf any substances that have entered the lungs
Define the Function: Surfactent
Reduces surface tension
Prevents the alveoli from collapsing
In the Alveolus what is the flow of O2 and Co2?
Oxygen flows from the alveolus to the red blood cell in the capillaries
Carbon dioxide flows from the red blood cell in capillaries to the alveolus
Define the Function: Alveoli
Main site for gas exchange
Define the Function: Lungs
houses respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi
When do lungs begin to function?
at birth
When are lungs fully inflated for the first time
2 weeks after birth
Describe the Process: Inspiration
- External intercostal muscles contract
- Rib cage expands and elevates
- Thoracic cavity volume increases
- Diaphragm contracts and lowers
Describe the Process: Expiration
- External intercostal muscles relax
- Rib cage returns to original position
- Thoracic cavity volume decreases
- Diaphragm relaxes and move up to original position
Define: Tidal volume
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
Define: Residual volume
amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forces expiration
Define: Inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal
Define: Expiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal
Define: Vital capacity
maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration effort
What form of transport does gas exchange take place
simple diffusion
Define: External respiration
(External gas exchange)
is the exchange of gases (O2 and Co2) between the lungs and blood
Define: Internal respiration
(Internal gas exchange)
is the exchange of gases (O2 and Co2) between the blood and tissues
Explain: Boyles Law
Gas pressure and volumes
Increase the volume- decrease the pressure
Decrease the volume- increase the pressure
Explain: Daltons law
partial pressure
pressure exerted by each gas in mixture is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture
Explain: Henry’s law
governs how gases move into or out of solution
- amount of each gas that will dissolve depends on solubility and temperature
Respiratory System
How is Oxygen transported?
- 1.5% dissolved in plasma
- 98% loosely bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
(4 molecules of oxygen to hemoglobin)
Respiratory System
How is Carbon Dioxcide transported?
- 7-10% dissolved in plasma
- 20% bound to globin of hemoglobin
- 70% transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma
What part of the brain is breathing controlled by?
Medulla and Pons
(brain stem)
- they send messages to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract and relax
What are the 2 respiratory groups of the Medulla
Ventral respiratory group
Dorsal respiratory group
What part of the brain sets the basic breathing rhythm
Medulla
What part of the brain is able to modify the breathing rhythm
Pons
Respiratory System
What are the 2 Chemoreceptors
Carotid body and Aortic body
Define the Function: Chemoreceptors
they detect changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen and pH levels in blood, and relay these messages to the brain stem to modify breathing
Which cells in the lungs are responsible for engulfing foreign substances
Macrophages
In the blood plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is..
only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood
Explain: Tidal volume
is air breathed in and out during normal breathing
