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Bioscience 1 > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

List the organs of the Respiratory System

A 
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
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2
Q

Define the Structure: Lungs

A

Apex- the narrow superior portion of each lung
Base- the broad lung area resting on the diaphragm
Left Lung- has 2 lobes
Right Lung- has 3 lobes

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3
Q

What is the surface of each lung covered with?

A

a visceral serosa called the Visceral Pleura

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4
Q

The walls of the thoracic cavity are lined by…

A

Parietal Pleura

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5
Q

Name the 4 events of Respiration

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. External respiration
  3. Respiratory gas transport
  4. Internal respiration
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6
Q

Define: Cellular Respiration

A

is the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

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7
Q

Define the Function: Respiratory System

A
  • Supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
  • Provides an airway for respiration
  • Moistens and warms inhaled air
  • Filters and cleans inhaled air
  • Serves as resonating chamber for speech
  • Houses olfactory receptors
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8
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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9
Q

What are the 2 Functional Zones of the Respiratory system

A

Conducting Zone

Respiratory Zone

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10
Q

Respiratory System

Describe: Conducting Zone

A

consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and terminal bronchi

  • conducts air to the respiratory zone
  • filters. humidifies and warms the air
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11
Q

Respiratory System

Describe: Respiratory Zone

A

consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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12
Q

Define the Function: Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food

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13
Q

Define the Function: Larynx

A

Air passageway
Prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract
Voice production

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14
Q

Define the Function: Trachea

A

Air passageway

Cleans, warms and moistens incoming air

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15
Q

How many Alveolar cells are there?

A

Type 1 and Type 2

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16
Q

Define the Function: Type 1 alveolar cell

A

facilitates gas exchange by diffusion

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17
Q

Define the Function: Type 2 alveolar cell

A

responsible for the production of surfactent

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18
Q

Respiratory System

Define the Function: Macrophage in Alveolus

A

they wander through the alveolus and engulf any substances that have entered the lungs

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19
Q

Define the Function: Surfactent

A

Reduces surface tension

Prevents the alveoli from collapsing

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20
Q

In the Alveolus what is the flow of O2 and Co2?

A

Oxygen flows from the alveolus to the red blood cell in the capillaries

Carbon dioxide flows from the red blood cell in capillaries to the alveolus

21
Q

Define the Function: Alveoli

A

Main site for gas exchange

22
Q

Define the Function: Lungs

A

houses respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi

23
Q

When do lungs begin to function?

A

at birth

24
Q

When are lungs fully inflated for the first time

A

2 weeks after birth

25
Q

Describe the Process: Inspiration

A
  • External intercostal muscles contract
  • Rib cage expands and elevates
  • Thoracic cavity volume increases
  • Diaphragm contracts and lowers
26
Q

Describe the Process: Expiration

A
  • External intercostal muscles relax
  • Rib cage returns to original position
  • Thoracic cavity volume decreases
  • Diaphragm relaxes and move up to original position
27
Q

Define: Tidal volume

A

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

28
Q

Define: Residual volume

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forces expiration

29
Q

Define: Inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal

30
Q

Define: Expiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal

31
Q

Define: Vital capacity

A

maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration effort

32
Q

What form of transport does gas exchange take place

A

simple diffusion

33
Q

Define: External respiration

(External gas exchange)

A

is the exchange of gases (O2 and Co2) between the lungs and blood

34
Q

Define: Internal respiration

(Internal gas exchange)

A

is the exchange of gases (O2 and Co2) between the blood and tissues

35
Q

Explain: Boyles Law

A

Gas pressure and volumes

Increase the volume- decrease the pressure
Decrease the volume- increase the pressure

36
Q

Explain: Daltons law

A

partial pressure

pressure exerted by each gas in mixture is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture

37
Q

Explain: Henry’s law

A

governs how gases move into or out of solution

  • amount of each gas that will dissolve depends on solubility and temperature
38
Q

Respiratory System

How is Oxygen transported?

A
  • 1.5% dissolved in plasma
  • 98% loosely bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
    (4 molecules of oxygen to hemoglobin)
39
Q

Respiratory System

How is Carbon Dioxcide transported?

A
  • 7-10% dissolved in plasma
  • 20% bound to globin of hemoglobin
  • 70% transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma
40
Q

What part of the brain is breathing controlled by?

A

Medulla and Pons
(brain stem)

  • they send messages to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract and relax
41
Q

What are the 2 respiratory groups of the Medulla

A

Ventral respiratory group

Dorsal respiratory group

42
Q

What part of the brain sets the basic breathing rhythm

A

Medulla

43
Q

What part of the brain is able to modify the breathing rhythm

A

Pons

44
Q

Respiratory System

What are the 2 Chemoreceptors

A

Carotid body and Aortic body

45
Q

Define the Function: Chemoreceptors

A

they detect changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen and pH levels in blood, and relay these messages to the brain stem to modify breathing

46
Q

Which cells in the lungs are responsible for engulfing foreign substances

A

Macrophages

47
Q

In the blood plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is..

A

only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood

48
Q

Explain: Tidal volume

A

is air breathed in and out during normal breathing

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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