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Bioscience 1 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Major Nutrients

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Carbohydrates

A

Starch
Sugars
Fibre (insoluble and soluble)

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3
Q

Define the Function: Glucose

A

is fuel use by cells to make ATP

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4
Q

What makes up Lipids

A

Triglycerides (neutral fats- saturated and unsaturated)

Cholesterol

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5
Q

What organ makes up the majority of Cholesterol

A

Liver

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6
Q

Define the Function: Lipids

A
  • helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins
  • major fuel for hepatocytes and skeletal muscle
  • phospholipids essential in myelin sheaths and all cell membranes
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7
Q

What are the 2 types of proteins

A

Complete proteins

Incomplete proteins

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8
Q

Give examples: Complete proteins

A 
eggs
fish
milk
most meats
soybeans
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9
Q

Give examples: incomplete proteins

A

legumes
nuts
cereals

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10
Q

Give sources: Complex carbohyrdates

A 
bread
cereal
pasta
rice
potatoes
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11
Q

Give sources: Simple carbohydrates

A

carbonated drinks
candy
fruit
young vegetables

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12
Q

Whats the Daily Recommended Intake for Carbohydrates

A

130g

45-65% of total caloric intake

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13
Q

Give sources: Lipids

A 
Poultry
Milk
Olive oil
Peanuts
Organ meats
Corn
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14
Q

Whats the Daily Recommended Intake for Lipids

A

65g

20-35% of total caloric intake

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15
Q

Whats the Daily Recommended Intake for Proteins

A

0.8g/kg body weight

12-20% of total caloric intake

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16
Q

What nutrients function as Coenzymes

A

Vitamins

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17
Q

Define the Function: Vitamins

A

crucial in helping the body use nutrients

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18
Q

Which vitamin requires the intrinsic factor for absorption

A

vitamin B12

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19
Q

Which vitamins are absorbed with water

A

vitamins B and C

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20
Q

Which vitamins are excreted from the body after 1 hour

A

vitamin C

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21
Q

What are the Fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K

22
Q

Which vitamins are absorbed with lipid digestion products

A

Vitamins- A, D, E and K

23
Q

Which vitamins are antioxidants

A

vitamins C, E, A and Mineral Selenium

24
Q

Which fibre provides roughage for the intestines

A

Insoluble

25
Q

Define: Nutrient

A

a substance in food for growth, maintenance and repair

26
Q

Define the Function: Fibre

A

provides roughage to the diet to facilitate defaction

27
Q

Which vitamin is essential for absorption and utilisation of calcium and phospherus

A

Vitamin D

28
Q

The bulk of cholesterol is produced in the body by what organ

A

Liver

29
Q

Which organ is the Intrinsic Factor secreted in

A

Stomach

30
Q

What does Vitamin B12 need to be absorbed

A

intrinsic factor

31
Q

Which nutrient supply energy

A

Fats and Carbs

Proteins provide energy as well

32
Q

Name the 2 minerals that maintain bones and teeth health

A

Calcium and Phospherus

33
Q

Which vitamin is essential for the formation of visual pigments in the retina

A

Vitamin A

34
Q

What is the major role of HDL (high-density pioproteins)

A

to remove cholesterol from the body and deliver it to the liver

35
Q

It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because…

A

most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help perform bodily chemical reactions

36
Q

Which cholesterol is “good” cholesterol

A

HDL

37
Q

What substance is required for the activation of Pepsin for protein digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid

38
Q

The Intrinsic Factor is secreted in the…

A

Stomach

39
Q

Which stomach secretion is necessary for digestions of triglycerides

A

Gastric Lipase

40
Q

Digestion of Protein initially occurs in

A

the stomach

41
Q

A fluid secreted in the small intestines during digestion that contains emulsification agents is..

A

Bile

42
Q

Which enzyme is present in pancreatic juices

A

Trypsin

43
Q

Bile is produced in the..

A

Liver

44
Q

Which vitamins are produced by resident bacteria in the large intestines

A

Vitamin B and K

45
Q

Bicarbonate is secreted into the duodenum by the..

A

Pancreas

46
Q

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the..

A

mouth

47
Q

Excess glucose is stored in the liver as

A

Glycogen

48
Q

Digestion of lipids occurs mostly in..

A

the Small intestines

49
Q

Emulsification of fats occurs in the..

A

Small intestines

50
Q

Which macromolecules are digested in the duodenum

A

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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