Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 3 Major Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
What are the 3 types of Carbohydrates
Starch
Sugars
Fibre (insoluble and soluble)
Define the Function: Glucose
is fuel use by cells to make ATP
What makes up Lipids
Triglycerides (neutral fats- saturated and unsaturated)
Cholesterol
What organ makes up the majority of Cholesterol
Liver
Define the Function: Lipids
- helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins
- major fuel for hepatocytes and skeletal muscle
- phospholipids essential in myelin sheaths and all cell membranes
What are the 2 types of proteins
Complete proteins
Incomplete proteins
Give examples: Complete proteins
eggs fish milk most meats soybeans
Give examples: incomplete proteins
legumes
nuts
cereals
Give sources: Complex carbohyrdates
bread cereal pasta rice potatoes
Give sources: Simple carbohydrates
carbonated drinks
candy
fruit
young vegetables
Whats the Daily Recommended Intake for Carbohydrates
130g
45-65% of total caloric intake
Give sources: Lipids
Poultry Milk Olive oil Peanuts Organ meats Corn
Whats the Daily Recommended Intake for Lipids
65g
20-35% of total caloric intake
Whats the Daily Recommended Intake for Proteins
0.8g/kg body weight
12-20% of total caloric intake
What nutrients function as Coenzymes
Vitamins
Define the Function: Vitamins
crucial in helping the body use nutrients
Which vitamin requires the intrinsic factor for absorption
vitamin B12
Which vitamins are absorbed with water
vitamins B and C
Which vitamins are excreted from the body after 1 hour
vitamin C
What are the Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E and K
Which vitamins are absorbed with lipid digestion products
Vitamins- A, D, E and K
Which vitamins are antioxidants
vitamins C, E, A and Mineral Selenium
Which fibre provides roughage for the intestines
Insoluble
Define: Nutrient
a substance in food for growth, maintenance and repair
Define the Function: Fibre
provides roughage to the diet to facilitate defaction
Which vitamin is essential for absorption and utilisation of calcium and phospherus
Vitamin D
The bulk of cholesterol is produced in the body by what organ
Liver
Which organ is the Intrinsic Factor secreted in
Stomach
What does Vitamin B12 need to be absorbed
intrinsic factor
Which nutrient supply energy
Fats and Carbs
Proteins provide energy as well
Name the 2 minerals that maintain bones and teeth health
Calcium and Phospherus
Which vitamin is essential for the formation of visual pigments in the retina
Vitamin A
What is the major role of HDL (high-density pioproteins)
to remove cholesterol from the body and deliver it to the liver
It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because…
most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help perform bodily chemical reactions
Which cholesterol is “good” cholesterol
HDL
What substance is required for the activation of Pepsin for protein digestion
Hydrochloric acid
The Intrinsic Factor is secreted in the…
Stomach
Which stomach secretion is necessary for digestions of triglycerides
Gastric Lipase
Digestion of Protein initially occurs in
the stomach
A fluid secreted in the small intestines during digestion that contains emulsification agents is..
Bile
Which enzyme is present in pancreatic juices
Trypsin
Bile is produced in the..
Liver
Which vitamins are produced by resident bacteria in the large intestines
Vitamin B and K
Bicarbonate is secreted into the duodenum by the..
Pancreas
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the..
mouth
Excess glucose is stored in the liver as
Glycogen
Digestion of lipids occurs mostly in..
the Small intestines
Emulsification of fats occurs in the..
Small intestines
Which macromolecules are digested in the duodenum
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
