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Bioscience 1 > Integumentary System and Tissues > Flashcards

Integumentary System and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Tissues

A

groups of similar cells that perform a common function

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2
Q

List the 4 basic Tissue types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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3
Q

What type of tissue covers the body’s surface and lines a body cavity

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

Define the Function: Epithelial tissue

A

forms a boundary between the inner body and external environment

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5
Q

What are the 3 Cell types

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (cube)
Columnar (column)

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6
Q

What are the 2 layer categories of cells

A

Simple

Stratified

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7
Q

Define: Simple Squamous

A

Single layer of flattened cells

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8
Q

Define the Function: Simple Squamous epithelium

A

allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration

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9
Q

Define the Location: Simple Squamous epithelium

A
  • Kidneys
  • Air sacs of lungs
  • Blood and Lymphatic vessels
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10
Q

What are the 2 types of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Endothelium- lining lymphatic/blood vessels and heart

Mesothelium- the serous membrane that lines the ventral body cavity

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11
Q

Define: Simple Columnar epithelium

A

single layer of tall cells with round/oval nucleus

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12
Q

Define the Function: Simple Columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substrances

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13
Q

Define the Location: Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Non-ciliated lines:

  • digestive tract
  • gallbladder

Ciliated lines:

  • bronchi
  • uterine tubes
  • regions of the uterus
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14
Q

Define: Pseudo-stratified Epithelium

A

single layer of cells differing in heights with the nucleui at different levels.

  • Has cillia
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15
Q

Define the Function: Pseudo-stratified

A

Secretes substances

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16
Q

Define the Location: Pseudo-stratified epithelium

A

Non-ciliated:
- sperm carrying ducts

Ciliated:

  • trachea
  • upper respiratory tract
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17
Q

Define: Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Several layers of cells, with basal cells being cuboidal and changing to squamous closer to the surface

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18
Q

Define the Function: Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

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19
Q

Define the Location: Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Non-keratinised:

  • oesophagus
  • mouth
  • vagina

Keratinised:
- epidermis

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20
Q

What is the most abundant tissue type in the body

A

Connective tissue

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21
Q

What are the 4 main types of connective tissue

A
  • Connective tissue proper (ligaments)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
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22
Q

Define the Function: Connective Tissue

A
  • Binding and support of other tissues
  • Protection of organs
  • Insulation of organs
  • Storage of energy reserves
  • Transporting substances
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23
Q

What are the 3 elements of Connective Tissue

A

Fibres
Cells
Ground substance

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24
Q

Connective Tissue

What are the 3 Fibre types

A

Collagen fibres
Elastic fibres
Reticular fibres

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25
Q

Connective tissue

Define the function: Collagen fibres

A

provide strength

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26
Q

Connective tissues

Define the function: Elastic fibres

A

provides stretch and recoil

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27
Q

Connective tissue

Define the Function: Reticular fibres

A

finer fibres providing strength

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28
Q

What are the 5 Cell types in connective tissue

A 
Fibroblast
Mast cells
Macrophages
Fat cells
White blood cells
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29
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

Define the Function: Fibroblasts

A

secretes the fibres

30
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

Define the Function: Mast cells

A

activates the inflammatory response

31
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

Define the Function: Macrophages

A

disposes of dead cells and foreign substances

32
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

Define the Function: Fat cells

A

energy reserves

33
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

Define the Function: White blood cell

A

migrate to sites in response to infection or injury

34
Q

Connective Tissue

Define: Ground substance

A

unstructured material that fills the space between fibres and cells

35
Q

Connective tissue

Define the Function: Ground substance

A

contains fluid that enables nutrients and substances to diffuse between blood vessels and cells

36
Q

What are the 2 types of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose CT

Dense CT

37
Q

What are the 3 types of Loose Connective Tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

38
Q

What are the 3 types of Dense Connective Tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

39
Q

What are the structures of the Integumentary System

A

Skin

- hair, nails and glands

40
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Integumentary System

A

Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- middle layer
Hypodermis- deepest layer

41
Q

What are the 5 layers of the Epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

42
Q

What layer of the Epidermis is only present in thick skin

A

Stratum Lucidium

43
Q

What are the Cells of the Epidermis

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells (dendrites)
  • Merkel cells
44
Q

Epidermis cells

Define: Keratinocytes

A

most numerous cells in body

- Produce keratin and lamellar granules (protects the skin)

45
Q

Epidermis cells

Define: Melanocytes

A

Located in basal layer

  • Produces melanin
  • Protects nucleus of keratinocytes from UV damage
46
Q

Epidermis cells

Define: Langerhans cells

A

Located in Stratum spinosum

- Ingests foreign substances (easily damaged by UV)

47
Q

Epidermis cells

Define: Merkel cells

A

Located in basal layer

- Detects sensation of touch

48
Q

Define: Cell

A

is the basic structural unit of the body

49
Q

What is the dermis made of

A

Bundles of collagen and elastic fibres

50
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

51
Q

What are the 3 layers of a Hair Shaft

A
  • Medulla core
  • Cortext (layers of fattened cells)
  • Cuticle (single layer of flattened cells)
52
Q

What do Sudiferous glands produce

53
Q

What do Sebaceous glands produce

54
Q

What do Ceruminous glands produce

55
Q

What do mammory glands produce

56
Q

Explain: Eccrine sweat glands

A
  • abundant on palms, feet and forehead
  • secrete sweat 99% water
  • body temp regulation
57
Q

Explain: Apocrine sweat glands

A
  • located in axillary and anogenital area
  • secretes sweat containing fats and proteins
  • Active during puberty
  • no known function
58
Q

Define the function: Sebaceous glands

A
  • secrete sebum
  • soften hair and skin
  • prevents excess water evaporation
59
Q

Define the Function: Skin

A 
Protection
Body temp regulation
Cutaneous sensation
Vitamin D synthesis
Excretion
60
Q

What is the function of the Stratum Corneum

A

functions as an abrasion resistant and waterproof barrier

61
Q

Body odour is due to…

A

bacteria decomposing fat and protein in sweat

62
Q

Define: Vernix Caseosa

A

is the whitish material produced by foetal sebaceous glands

63
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and replacement of cells

A

Stratum Basale

64
Q

How do Melanocytes protect Keratinocytes from UV damage

A

they secrete melanin around the keratinocyte nucleus providing a UV blocking barrier

65
Q

What skin cell is not found in the dermis

A

Keratinocyte

66
Q

The epidermis is composed of what tissues?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelial tissue

67
Q

Which layer in the epidermis is able to actively divide to replace cells in the superficial layer

A

Stratum Basale

68
Q

Which type of epithelium functions in abrasion resistance

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

69
Q

Cells in the Stratum Corneum are described as…

A

flat dead cells rich in keratin

70
Q

UV radiation activates…

A

Vit D synthesis for calcium absorption

71
Q

Define the function: Keratin

A

to make skin tough and waterproof

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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