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Bioscience 1 > The Cardiovascular System (Blood,Blood Vessels & Heart) > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System (Blood,Blood Vessels & Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organs of the Cardiovascular system

A

blood vessels
blood
heart

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system

What are the 2 main Circulatory circuits

A

Pulmonary system

Systemic system

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3
Q

Explain the role of the Pulmonary circuit

A

blood vessels carry oxygen poor blood to the lungs and returns oxygen rich blood to the heart

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4
Q

Explain the role of the Systemic circuit

A

blood vessels carry oxygen rich blood to the all the body cells and returns oxygen poor blood to the heart

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5
Q

Name the parts of the Heart that bring oxygen poor blood into the heart and out to the lungs

(BLUE)

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava deliver blood to the-Right Atrium- this flows in the Right Ventricle- then leaves the heart through the Pulmonary Trunk

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6
Q

Name the parts of the Heart that carry oxygen rich blood into the heart and out to body cells

(RED)

A

Pulmonary Veins deliver blood to the- Left Atrium- this flows into the Left Ventricle- then leaves the heart through the Aorta

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7
Q

What are the 4 Valves of the Heart

A

Tricuspid valve- between the right atrium and ventricle
Pulmonary valve- between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Bicuspid valve- between left atrium and ventricle
Aortic valve- between the left ventricle and aorta

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8
Q

Explain: Coronary circulation

A

the blood supply to the heart muscle

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9
Q

What Arteries are involved in supplying blood to the heart muscle

A
  • Right and left coronary artery (sit at the base of the aorta)

RIGHT

  • Posterior Interventricular artery (supplies blood to both ventricles)
  • Marginal atery (supplies blood to Right atrium and ventricle)

LEFT

  • Circumflex artery (supplies blood to Left atrium and ventricle)
  • Anterior Interventricular artery (supplies blood to both ventricles)
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10
Q

How is Oxygen Poor blood drained from the heart

A

Cardiac veins drain oxygen poor blood from the heart into a common vein called the Coronary Sinus which opens up into the right atrium

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11
Q

What is the order of the Cardiac Conduction System

A

Sinoatrial Node- Atrioventricular Node- Atrioventricular Bundle- Right and Left Bundle Branches- Purkinje Fibres

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12
Q

Explain: the process of the Cardiac Conduction System

A
  1. SA node (right atrium) delivers impulses across the RandL atria which cause them to contract forcing blood into the ventricles
  2. AV node (left atria) receives the impulse from the SA node, which travels to the
  3. AV bundle which then divides in the
  4. RandL bundle branches. The impulse then follows each RandL branch up either side of the ventricular wall, where the
  5. Pukinje fibres deliver the impulses to the muscle cells which cause them to contract and eject the blood out of the heart
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13
Q

Define: Systole

A

contraction

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14
Q

Define: Diastole

A

relaxation

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15
Q

Cardiac Cylcle

What happens in Ventricular Diastole

A
  • Both atrium’s fill with blood (passive filling)

- Blood flows into the ventricles (atrial contraction)

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16
Q

Cardiac Cylcle

What happens in Ventricular Systole

A
  • Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves close

- Semilunar valves open releasing blood from the heart

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17
Q

Explain: the 3 main components on an Electrocardiogram

A

P wave- initiation of atrial contraction
QRS complex- initiation of ventricular contraction
T wave- ventricular relaxation

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18
Q

What are the 2 connection in the Fetal heart that allow blood to bypass the lungs?

A

Ductus Arteriosus- connects pulmonary trunk to aorta

Foramen Ovale- connects right atrium to leeft atrium

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19
Q

What is the typical resting heart rate of a Fetus compared with adults

A

Fetus: 120-170 bpm
Adult: 60-100 bpm

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20
Q

Name the 3 layers to the heart wall

A
  1. EPIcardium- outer layer
  2. MYOcardium
  3. ENDOcardium- inner most layer
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21
Q

Which layer of the heart contracts

A

Myocardium

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22
Q

Define: Endocardium

A

is a thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers

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23
Q

Explain: the structure of a Blood Vessel

A
  1. Tunica Intima (inner layer)- thin layer of endothelium lines the lumen of the blood vessel
  2. Tunica Media (middle layer)- contains smooth muscle and elastic fibres
  3. Tunica Externa (external layer)- contains collagen fibres and anchors blood vessels to its surroundings
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24
Q

What are the 3 main types of blood vessels

A

Artery
Vein
Capillary

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25
Q

Describe: Arteries

A
  • Thick wall rich in elastic fibres and smooth muscle
  • Transports blood away from the heart
  • Subject to high blood pressure
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26
Q

Describe: Veins

A
  • Thin wall and has a larger lumen
  • Transports blood towards the heart
  • Subject to low blood pressure
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27
Q

Describe: Capillaries

A
  • Smallest of the blood vessels
  • Single cell wall thick
  • Thin wall allows gas exchange to take place
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28
Q

Describe: Aterioles

A

Smallest arteries

  • smooth muscle in blood vessel wall
  • arteriole diameter controls blood flow into capillaries
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29
Q

Describe: Venules

A

Smallest veins

- blood flowing out of capillaries enter venules

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30
Q

Explain where Arterioles and Venules are in the blood vessel process

A

Blood flows from:

Artery- Ateriole- Capillaries- Venule- Vein

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31
Q

Name the major Arteries to the Head

A

Subclavian artery
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
External carotid artery

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32
Q

Name the major Veins to the Head

A 
Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein
33
Q

Define: Blood flow

A

volume of blood flowing through blood vessels or organ in a given period

34
Q

Define: Blood pressure

A

force exerted on a vessel wall by the blood as it is pumped by the heart

35
Q

Define: Resistance

A

opposition to flow of blood through vessels

36
Q

What is blood pressure in a typically healthy adult

A

Systolic pressure- 120mm Hg

Diastolic pressure- 80mm Hg

37
Q

Blood Vessels

Explain the 3 factors of Resistance

A

Blood viscosity- thickness of blood
Blood vessel length- longer the vessel, greater resistance
Blood vessel diameter- smaller diameter, greater resistance

38
Q

Define: Mean arterial pressure

A

Pressure that propels the blood to the tissues

- normal range is 65-110mm Hg

39
Q

What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure

A

MAP= Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

40
Q

What is the formula for Pulse Pressure

A

pulse pressure= systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

41
Q

Define: Blood

A

living blood cells suspended in a non living matrix called plasma

42
Q

Define: Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood

- consists of water, proteins, sugars, hormones and salts

43
Q

Define: Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

44
Q

Define the Function: Erythrocytes

A
  • transports oxygen to cells

- transports carbon dioxide away from cells

45
Q

What makes up whole blood

A

Erythrocytes
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

46
Q

Define: Hemoglobin

A

Iron-bearing protein

  • Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the blood
  • gives blood red colour
47
Q

Define: Megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

- are fragments of bizarre multi-nucleate cells

48
Q

Define: Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

- work in the immune system and protect against infection

49
Q

Define: Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation

50
Q

Where does Hematopoiesis occur?

A

In red bone marrow

51
Q

How are white blood cells and platelets formed?

A

They are both stimulated by hormones

52
Q

Define: Hemostasis

A

Stoppage of bleeding

53
Q

Name the 3 phases of Hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular Spasm
  2. Platelet plug forms
  3. Coagulation events occur
54
Q

Heart Beat

What does the LUB-DUB sound correspond too

A

LUB- ventricular systole

DUB- ventricular diastole

55
Q

Oxygen rich blood is first received by the…

A

Pulmonary vein

56
Q

During the cardiac cycle Ventricular Systole corresponds to…

A

the ejection of blood out of the heart

57
Q

During right Ventricular contraction, which blood vessel of the Heart receives blood

A

Pulmonary artery

58
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the Inferior Vena Cava would enter…

A

right artium

59
Q

How many blood vessels open into the right atrium

60
Q

Where is blood heading in the pulmonary arteries

61
Q

Define: Pericardium

A

is a double walled sac that encloses the heart

62
Q

Define: fibrous pericardium

A

the loosely fitting superficial part of the pericardium sac

63
Q

Define the Function: Fibrous Pericardium

A

helps protect the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures, such as diaphragm and sternum

64
Q

Define: Epicardium

A

part of the heart wall

65
Q

Define: Cardiac Output

A

is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1min

66
Q

Cardiac Output is the product of what?

A

Heart rate and Stroke volume

67
Q

What is the formula for Cardiac Output

A

CO= HR (beats/min) X SV (ml/beat)

68
Q

How many blood vessels open into the Right Atrium

69
Q

During a cardiac cycle, ventricular systole corresponds to..

A

the ejection of blood out of the heart

70
Q

Oxygen rich blood is first received by..

A

the Pulmonary Vein

71
Q

In LUD-DUB, what do these correspond to

A

LUD- ventricular systole

DUB- Ventricular diastole

72
Q

How many blood vessels open into the Right Atrium

73
Q

During a cardiac cycle, ventricular systole corresponds to..

A

the ejection of blood out of the heart

74
Q

Oxygen rich blood is first received by..

A

the Pulmonary Vein

75
Q

In LUD-DUB, what do these correspond to

A

LUD- ventricular systole

DUB- Ventricular diastole

76
Q

Electrical initiation of a heartbeat begin in the wall of..

A

Right atrium

77
Q

Blood is delivered to the heart muscle by the…

A

Coronary arteries

78
Q

In the fetal heart, the Foramen Ovale serves to bypass blood from the

A

Right atrium to the Left atrium

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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