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Bioscience 1 > The Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Function: Female Reproductive System

A
  • Manufacture female gametes
  • Nurture developing fetus
  • Give birth to baby
  • Secretion of sex hormones
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2
Q

Define the Function: Reproduction System

A
  • Development of gametes
  • To concieve and develop new organism
  • Production of sex hormones (that control secondary sex characteristics)
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3
Q

Name the 10 parts of the male reproductive system

A 
Testes
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Scrotum
Vas Deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Penis
Foreskin
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4
Q

Male Reproductive System

What is the site of sperm production

A

Testes

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5
Q

Male Reproductive System

The testes contain coiled tubules where sperm are produced, what is it

A

Seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

Male Reproductive System

The Epididymis is the storage site for…

A

immature sperm

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7
Q

Male Reproductive System

Define: Vas Deferens

A

is the tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

Male Reproductive System

Define the role: Urethra

A

transports sperm and urine to the exterior

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9
Q

Male Reproductive System

Define the role: Ejaculatory duct

A

connects the Vas Deferens with the seminal vesicle

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10
Q

Male Reproductive System

What are the 3 Male accessory glands

A

Seminal Glands
Prostate Gland
Bulbo-urethral gland

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11
Q

Male Reproductive System

Explain: Seminal gland

A
  • contains substances involved in enhancing sperm motility and fertilising ability
  • forms 70% of semen
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12
Q

Male Reproductive System

Explain: Prostate gland

A
  • fluid plays a role in activating sperm
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13
Q

Male Reproductive System

Explain: Bulbo-urethral gland

A
  • serves to lubricate penis prior to ejaculation
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14
Q

What does the sperm head contain

A
  • Nucleus

- Acrosome (enzyme to help sperm penetrate egg)

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15
Q

Male Reproductive System

Explain: Mid-piece of a sperm

A

contains tightly packed mitochondria to provide a source of energy for motility

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16
Q

Male Reproductive System

Define: Flagellum

A

is the sperm tail that propels sperms through the female reproductive tract

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17
Q

Male Reproductive System

Explain the duct system sequence sperm travels in order to exit the body

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. Epididymis
  3. Ductus deferens (Vans deferens)
  4. Ejaculatory duct
  5. Prostate urethra
  6. Spongy urethra
  7. external urethral orifice
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18
Q

What is the male sex hormone

A

Testosterone

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19
Q

Define the Function: Male Reproductive System

A
  • Development of gametes
  • Delivery of sperm to female reproductive tract
  • Secretion of sex hormones
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20
Q

What are the parts of the Female Reproductive System

A 
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
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21
Q

Define: Oocyte

A

egg

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22
Q

What lines the Uterus

A

Endometrium

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23
Q

List the Hormones of the female reproductive system

A

Oestrogen

Progesterone

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24
Q

Define the function: Oestrogen

A
  • promotes growth and maturation of uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
  • promotes oocyte development
  • development of secondary sex characteristics
25
Q

Define the function: Progesterone

A
  • prepares endometrium for potential implantation

- primarily used in pregnancy

26
Q

Progesterone is released by the

A

Corpus Luteum

27
Q

Oestrogen is released by the

A

Ovary

28
Q

Which hormones stimulates ovulation

A

LH- Luteinising hormone

29
Q

On what day does Ovulation occur

A

On day 14 of menstrual cycle

30
Q

What is the follicle process an oocyte goes through before being ejected from the Ovary

A
  1. Primary follicle
  2. Secondary follicle
  3. Vesicular follicle
  4. Oocyte ovulated
  5. Corpus luteum
31
Q

What are the 3 Phases of a menstrual cycle

A
  1. Menstrual phase (day 1-5)
  2. Proliferation phase (day 6-14)
    Ovulation (day 14)
  3. Secretory phase (day 15-28)
32
Q

Define: Zygote

A

newly fertilised egg

33
Q

A zygote develops into a ball of cells called…

A

Morula

34
Q

Female Reproductive System

Define: Blastocyte

A

is the developmental stage (of morula) able to implant into the endometrium of the uterus

35
Q

Prolactin is released by..

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

36
Q

What is the importance of the seminal vesicle fluid within semen?

A

Plays a role in motility, mobility and keeps sperm nourished

37
Q

What is the role of the prostate gland fluid within semen?

A

Sperm activation- allows sperm to fertilise

38
Q

Sperm Structure

Explain: Acrosome

A

Contains enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate and enter the egg (in the head)

39
Q

Sperm Structure

Explain: Flagellum (tail)

A

Provides motility for the sperm through the female reproductive tract

40
Q

Sperm Structure

Explain: Mid-piece

A

Contains an abundance of mitochondria to provide an energy source for the sperm

41
Q

Sperm Structure

Explain: Nucleus

A

Contains the genetic information of the male individual

42
Q

How many external openings do the male and female urogenital system have

A

Males- 1

Females- 2

43
Q

Female Reproductive System

What are the 2 cycles

A

Ovarian cycle

Menstrual cycle

44
Q

What are the main hormones involved in the Ovarian and Menstrual cycles

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH),
Luteinising Hormone (LH),
Oestrogen
Progesterone.

45
Q

What is the role of FSH during the ovarian cycle?

A

It targets the ovary and causes it to release an oocyte

46
Q

What is the role of oestrogen on the endometrium during days 6-13?

A

The endometrium is being developed

47
Q

What ovarian structure is responsible for the release of progesterone?

A

Corpus leutium

48
Q

What is the role of progesterone on the endometrium

A

Causes the endometrium to become vascularised

49
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum and progesterone levels if pregnancy occurs?

A

It keeps releasing progesterone for 3 months

50
Q

Outline the homeostatic pathway that occurs for the production and release of breast milk

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone- Trigger hypothalamus to release PRF- on the Ant Pituitary which releases Prolactin which affects the mammary glands

After birth- the sucking motion of the baby triggers the Ant. Pituitary gland which releases prolactin to stimulate the mammary glands

Sucking action- triggers hypothalamus- which triggers the post. Pituitary- to release oxytocin- smooth muscle contracts- which ejects milk

51
Q

A decline in Progesterone levels will result in…

A

Menstruation

52
Q

Which gland lubricates the penis and neutralises traces of acidic urine

A

Bulbo-urethral gland

53
Q

Which process is the female reproductive cycle occurs simultaneously

A

Menstruation and Decrease in progesterone levels

54
Q

Which sex gland produces fluid that enhances sperm motility

A

Seminal vesicle

55
Q

What stage of embryonic development is capable of implantation

A

Blastocyst

56
Q

A newly fertilised egg is called..

A

a Zygote

57
Q

Which hormone is released by the Corpus Luteum to prepare the endometrium for possible implantation

A

Progesterone

58
Q

Which embryonic developmental stage consists of a Fluid filled hollow ball of cells

A

Blastocyst

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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