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Bioscience 1 > Musculo-skeletal System > Flashcards

Musculo-skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Red bone marrow is located in..

A

spaces in Spongy bone

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2
Q

Red bone marrow produces…

A

red blood cells

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3
Q

Trabeculae are located in..

A

Spongy bone

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4
Q

Define: Trabeculae

A

a small irrelgular shaped pieces of bone in Spongy bone

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5
Q

Compact bone contains repeated units of…

A

osteons that serve to make the bone weight bearing

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6
Q

Define: Diaphysis

A

is the shaft of a long bone

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7
Q

The Epiphysis of long bones consist mostly of

A

Spongy bone

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8
Q

Define the Function: Osteoclast

A

cell responsible for bone resorption

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9
Q

Compact bone is arranged in..

A

Osteons

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10
Q

What is the name of the structure within a long bone that forms once bone growth has ceased?

A

Epiphyseal line

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11
Q

What is the structural unit of compact bone

A

Osteon

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12
Q

Define the Function: Articular cartilage (synovial joint)

A

provides a smooth surface for articulation

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13
Q

The lacunae of bone contains…

A

Osteocytes

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14
Q

Define the Function: Osteocytes

A

cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix

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15
Q

Name the bones of the Axial skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Rib cage

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16
Q

Name the bones of the Appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limbs
Pectoral girdle
Lower limbs
Pelvic girdle

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17
Q

What are the 4 classifications of bones

A

Long bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
Short bone

18
Q

Name the functions of the Skeletal system

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral growth
  • Blood cell formation
19
Q

What is the top and bottom of a bone referred to as

A

Epiphysis

20
Q

What is the middle section of a bone referred to as

A

Diaphysis

21
Q

What are the 5 major bone cells

A
  • Osteogenic cells
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
  • Bone lining cells
22
Q

Define: Osteogenic cells

A

stem cells

23
Q

Define: Osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells

24
Q

Define: Osteocytes

A

bone maintenance cells

25
Q

Define: Osetoclasts

A

bone resorption cells

26
Q

What are the 5 parts of an Osteon

A
  • osteon
  • Lamella
  • Central canal
  • Lacunae
  • Canaliculi
27
Q

Parts of an osteon are referred to as

A

Haversian system

28
Q

Parts of an osteon

Explain: Lamella

A

layers of bone matrix

29
Q

Parts of an osteon

Explain: Central Canal

A

Haversian canal; hollow channel running through centre of an osteon, contains blood vessels and nerve

30
Q

Parts of an osteon

Explain: Lacunae

A

small cavities located between lamellae that contain an osteocyte

31
Q

Parts of an Osteon

Explain: Canaliculi

A

fine hairlike canals projecting from lacunae to connect neighbouring lacunae

32
Q

What minerals contribute to bone’s hardness

A

Calcium phosphate

33
Q

What are the 3 structural classifications of Joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

34
Q

Explain: Fibrous joints

A
  • held together by fibrous connective tissue
  • NO joint cavity
  • immovable joint
35
Q

Give an example: Fibrous joint

A

skull

36
Q

Explain: Cartilagenous joints

A
  • held together by cartilage
  • NO joint cavity
  • no/limited movement
37
Q

Give an example: Cartilagenous joint

A

Intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis

38
Q

Explain: Synovial joint

A
  • ends of bone covered with smooth articular cartialge

- joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

39
Q

Give an example: Synovial joint

A

joints in limbs

40
Q

Define: Synovial membrane

A

inner lining of articular capsule

- secretes synovial fluid

41
Q

Define: Articular Capsule

A

dense connective tissue that strengthens the joint so bones do not pull apart

42
Q

Which structure is primarily responsible for the bone to grow in length until early childhood

A

Epiphyseal plate

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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