Musculo-skeletal System Flashcards
Red bone marrow is located in..
spaces in Spongy bone
Red bone marrow produces…
red blood cells
Trabeculae are located in..
Spongy bone
Define: Trabeculae
a small irrelgular shaped pieces of bone in Spongy bone
Compact bone contains repeated units of…
osteons that serve to make the bone weight bearing
Define: Diaphysis
is the shaft of a long bone
The Epiphysis of long bones consist mostly of
Spongy bone
Define the Function: Osteoclast
cell responsible for bone resorption
Compact bone is arranged in..
Osteons
What is the name of the structure within a long bone that forms once bone growth has ceased?
Epiphyseal line
What is the structural unit of compact bone
Osteon
Define the Function: Articular cartilage (synovial joint)
provides a smooth surface for articulation
The lacunae of bone contains…
Osteocytes
Define the Function: Osteocytes
cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix
Name the bones of the Axial skeleton
Skull
Vertebral column
Rib cage
Name the bones of the Appendicular skeleton
Upper limbs
Pectoral girdle
Lower limbs
Pelvic girdle
What are the 4 classifications of bones
Long bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
Short bone
Name the functions of the Skeletal system
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral growth
- Blood cell formation
What is the top and bottom of a bone referred to as
Epiphysis
What is the middle section of a bone referred to as
Diaphysis
What are the 5 major bone cells
- Osteogenic cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
- Bone lining cells
Define: Osteogenic cells
stem cells
Define: Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
Define: Osteocytes
bone maintenance cells
Define: Osetoclasts
bone resorption cells
What are the 5 parts of an Osteon
- osteon
- Lamella
- Central canal
- Lacunae
- Canaliculi
Parts of an osteon are referred to as
Haversian system
Parts of an osteon
Explain: Lamella
layers of bone matrix
Parts of an osteon
Explain: Central Canal
Haversian canal; hollow channel running through centre of an osteon, contains blood vessels and nerve
Parts of an osteon
Explain: Lacunae
small cavities located between lamellae that contain an osteocyte
Parts of an Osteon
Explain: Canaliculi
fine hairlike canals projecting from lacunae to connect neighbouring lacunae
What minerals contribute to bone’s hardness
Calcium phosphate
What are the 3 structural classifications of Joints
Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial
Explain: Fibrous joints
- held together by fibrous connective tissue
- NO joint cavity
- immovable joint
Give an example: Fibrous joint
skull
Explain: Cartilagenous joints
- held together by cartilage
- NO joint cavity
- no/limited movement
Give an example: Cartilagenous joint
Intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis
Explain: Synovial joint
- ends of bone covered with smooth articular cartialge
- joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
Give an example: Synovial joint
joints in limbs
Define: Synovial membrane
inner lining of articular capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
Define: Articular Capsule
dense connective tissue that strengthens the joint so bones do not pull apart
Which structure is primarily responsible for the bone to grow in length until early childhood
Epiphyseal plate
