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Bioscience 1 > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic n.s

Parasympathetic n.s

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2
Q

What body structures make up the Peripheral nervous system

A
  • Sensory receptors
  • Cranial and spinal nerves
  • Ganglia (neuron cell bodies)
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3
Q

Give examples: Sensory receptors

A
  • Nociceptors (pain)
  • Thermoreceptors (temp)
  • Photoreceptors (light)
  • Chemoreceptors (chemicals)
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4
Q

What is the structure of a Neuron from one end to the other as an impulse travels along

A

Dendrites- Cell body- Axon- Schwann cell- Axon terminal- Synaptic cleft

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5
Q

Structure of a Nerve

Define: Endoneurium

A

loose connective tissue that encloses individual axons and their myelin sheaths

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6
Q

Structure of a Nerve

Define: Perineurium

A

coarse connective tissue that bundles fibres into fascicles

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7
Q

Structure of a Nerve

Define: Epineurium

A

tough fibrous sheath around a nerve

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of a Nerve

A
  • Endoneurium (inner- encloses axons)
  • Perineurium (middle- encloses endoneurium)
  • Epineurium (outer- sheath enclosing perineurium)
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9
Q

How are nerves classified

A

according to the direction an impulse is travelling

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10
Q

What are the 3 classifications of nerves

A

Mixed nerves- both sensory and motor fibres (impulse to and from CNS)

Sensory nerves- afferent, impulse towards CNS

Motor nerves- efferent, impulse away from CNS

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11
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12

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12
Q

Explain: Cranial nerve 2/ Optic nerve

A

is a sensory nerve from the eye

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13
Q

Explain: cranial nerve 8/ Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

is associated with the ear and is sensory for hearing and balance

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14
Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

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15
Q

Define: Nerve Plexus

A

a cluster of interconnecting spinal nerves

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16
Q

How many pairs of nerves are in each section of the spine

A 
Cervical- 8 pairs
Thoracic- 12 pairs
Lumbar- 5 pairs
Sacral- 5 pairs
Coccygeal- 1 pair
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17
Q

What are the 2 branches of the spinal nerves

A

Dorsal ramus- innervates the muscles and skin of the dorsal trunk

Ventral ramus- innervates muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs, skin of the lateral and ventral surfaces of trunk

18
Q

Define: Ganglia

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

19
Q

What are the 2 types of Ganglia

A 
Dorsal root ganglia (sensory, somatic)
Autonomic ganglia (motor, visceral)
20
Q

Define: Reflex

A

is a rapid response to a specific stimulus

21
Q

What are the 5 components of the reflex arc

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration center
Motor neuron
Effector
22
Q

Which PNS is voluntary

A

Somatic nervous system

23
Q

Which PNS is involuntary

A

Autonomic nervous system

24
Q

What does the autonomic ganglion do

A

joins 2 neurons

25
Q

Explain: Sympathetic nervous system

A

is responsible for the flight or fight response

  • is activated when we are excited, exercising or there is an emergency
26
Q

What are the physiological responses of the Sympathetic nervous system

A
  • increased heart rate and BP
  • pupils dilate
  • sweating
27
Q

Where does the Preganglionic neuron of the Sympathetic NS originate

A

in the thoracic and lumbar region

28
Q

Where does the Preganglionic neuron of the Parasympathetic NS originate from

A

the cranial nerves (brain) and the sacral region

29
Q

Explain: Parasympathetic nervous system

A

is the rest and digest response

  • is activated to relax the individual and conserve bodily energy
30
Q

What are the physiological responses of the Parasympathetic NS

A
  • reduced heart rate and BP

- Increased salivation, urination, digestion and defaction

31
Q

Which Ganglions Axons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS are myelinated and unmyelinated

A

Preganglionic axon- myelinated

Postganglionic axon- nonmyelinated

32
Q

Acetylcholine is released by what neurons

A

Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic n.s

33
Q

Norepinephrine is released by what neurons

A

Postganglionic neuron of the sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

Somatic Nervous System

The neurotransmitter ACH targets what tissue

A

skeletal muscle

35
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

The neurotransmitter ACH and NE target what tissue

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

36
Q

What is the visual pathway light takes in the eye

A

Cornea- Lens- Retina- Iris

37
Q

What is the Hearing Pathway sound travels through the ear

A

outer ear (Pinna)- Tympanic membrane- Ossicles- Oval window- Choclea- Organ of corti- Cochlea nerve

38
Q

What is the Neural Pathways for Hearing once sound has reached the cochlear

A

Cochlear nerve- Midbrain- Thalamus- Primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe

39
Q

Explain: how Equilibrium is maintained

A
  • Vestibule contains maculae
  • Macule register change in head position
  • Each semicircular canal has swelling called Ampulla
  • Ampulla detect rotational movements

Sensory hairs of the Maculae and Ampulla are stimulated and impulses are transmitted to the brain via the vestibular nerve

40
Q

What are the 3 components responsible for maintaining Equilibrium

A
  • Vestibule
  • Maculae
  • Ampulla
41
Q

What makes up the Peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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