The Central Nervous System Flashcards
An individual who can look at a picture of a flower and see it but can not recognise it as a flower is most likely to have sustained damage to the
Visual association area
Define the Function: Meninges
Protect the brain and spinal cord
Association areas of the brain are involved in
receiving and interpreting sensory input
The Brocca’s area and premotor area are both located in which lobe
Frontal lobe
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called
an Axon
What organs make up the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
The region of the brain responsible for memory is the
Limbic system
The region of the cortex responsible for voluntary eye movements is located in the
Frontal lobe
The primary auditory area of the brain is found
lateral, on the temporal lobe
Define: Myelination
to speed the rate of propagation of an action potential
If you cut your finger, the region of the cortex that is able to detect and locate the feeling of the injury is the
Primary Somatosensory cortex
with organ serves as a major sensory relay station
the Thalamus
The correct propagation of an action potential through a neuron is:
dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
Which layer of the meninges is in contact with nervous tissue
Pia mater
Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality
Prefrontal cortex
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by somatic motor neurons to innervate a skeletal muscle
Achetylcholine
Define: Cerebellum
region of the brain responsible for coordination and balance
Broca’s area is associated with
controlling muscles for speech production
The primary visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobe
Define: CNS
is the source of thoughts and emotions and motor responses
Define the Function: Nervous system
Sensory input- Sensory receptors monitor changes and deliver the information as sensory input
Integration- Processes and interprets sensory input and decides on action to be taken
Motor output- Effectors (muscles and glands) and activated to produce a response
Name the Neuroglial cells of the CNS
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Define: Meninges
are 3 connective tissue membranes protecting the CNS
What are the 3 Meninges
Dura mater (outer) Arachnoid mater (middle) Pia mater (inner)
Name the layers protecting the brain in order
- periosteum
- skull
- dura mater
- subdural space
- arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space
- pia mater
Define the Function: Cerebrospinal fluid
surrounds, nourishes and cushions the brain and spinal column
What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected by
Corpus Callosum
What are each lob of the Cerebrum responsible for
Frontal- motor activity, behaviour, memory, speech and learning
Parietal- mostly sensory
Temporal- auditory, language, taste and smell
Occipital- visual areas
What are the ridges and grooves in the brain called
Ridges- Gyri
Grooves- Sulci
Explain: Grey matter
The Cortex
- unmyelinated axons and glia
- neural cell bodies
- dendrites
Explain: White matter
The Medulla
- myelinated axons bundled together
Explain: Basal Nuclei
centres of grey matter embedded in the white matter
- for posture, muscle tone, involuntary muscle movements, normal motor functions and skill memory
What makes up the Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
What is the role of the Hippocampus
is responsible for sequential long term memory and planning
What is the role of the Amygdala
is responsible for short term memory, fear and aggression
Explain: Reticular Formation
entends through the centre of the pons and medulla
- filters repetitive stimuli
- maintains alertness
Explain: Cerebellum
Controls subconscious, smooth coordinated skeletal muscle contractions, body movements, balance and posture
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Primary motor cortex
voluntary skeletal muscle
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Premotor cortex
skilled motor activites
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Broca area
speech production
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Frontal eye field
voluntary eye movements
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Primary somatosensory cortex
location of sensory input on body
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Somatosensory association area
enables understanding of the object being felt based on shape, texture and size
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Primary visual cortex
enables vision
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Visual association area
enables objects to be recognised based on colour, form and movement (inc. memory)
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Primary auditory cortex
enables sound to be heard
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Auditory association area
interpretation of the sound
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Olfactory cortex
perception of smell
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Gustatory cortex
perception of taste
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Visceral sensory area
perception of visceral sensation
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Prefrontal area
intellect, complex learning, recall, personality etc
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Wernicke’s area
involved in understanding written and spoken language
Region of the Brain
Define the Function: Limbic association area
incorporates emotion to a situation
Which area of the brain is responsible for controlling heart rate
Medulla
Which cerebral lobe is the centre for personality, verbal communication and skeletal muscle control
Frontal lobe
Neurons
The structures that receive impulses from other Neurons are…
dendrites
Which meninge forms the tough outer layer covering the brain
Dura Mater
Define the function: Myelin sheath
transmits nerve impulses more rapidly
What substances are released across the synaptic cleft to turn electrical signals into chemical ones
Neurotransmitters
What area of the brain is responsible for the production of speech
Brocca’s area
