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Bioscience 1 > The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

An individual who can look at a picture of a flower and see it but can not recognise it as a flower is most likely to have sustained damage to the

A

Visual association area

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2
Q

Define the Function: Meninges

A

Protect the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Association areas of the brain are involved in

A

receiving and interpreting sensory input

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4
Q

The Brocca’s area and premotor area are both located in which lobe

A

Frontal lobe

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5
Q

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called

A

an Axon

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6
Q

What organs make up the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

The region of the brain responsible for memory is the

A

Limbic system

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8
Q

The region of the cortex responsible for voluntary eye movements is located in the

A

Frontal lobe

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9
Q

The primary auditory area of the brain is found

A

lateral, on the temporal lobe

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10
Q

Define: Myelination

A

to speed the rate of propagation of an action potential

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11
Q

If you cut your finger, the region of the cortex that is able to detect and locate the feeling of the injury is the

A

Primary Somatosensory cortex

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12
Q

with organ serves as a major sensory relay station

A

the Thalamus

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13
Q

The correct propagation of an action potential through a neuron is:

A

dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

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14
Q

Which layer of the meninges is in contact with nervous tissue

A

Pia mater

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15
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

A

Prefrontal cortex

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16
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by somatic motor neurons to innervate a skeletal muscle

A

Achetylcholine

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17
Q

Define: Cerebellum

A

region of the brain responsible for coordination and balance

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18
Q

Broca’s area is associated with

A

controlling muscles for speech production

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19
Q

The primary visual cortex is located in the

A

occipital lobe

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20
Q

Define: CNS

A

is the source of thoughts and emotions and motor responses

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21
Q

Define the Function: Nervous system

A

Sensory input- Sensory receptors monitor changes and deliver the information as sensory input

Integration- Processes and interprets sensory input and decides on action to be taken

Motor output- Effectors (muscles and glands) and activated to produce a response

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22
Q

Name the Neuroglial cells of the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Define: Meninges

A

are 3 connective tissue membranes protecting the CNS

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24
Q

What are the 3 Meninges

A 
Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid mater (middle)
Pia mater (inner)
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25
Q

Name the layers protecting the brain in order

A
  • periosteum
  • skull
  • dura mater
  • subdural space
  • arachnoid mater
  • subarachnoid space
  • pia mater
26
Q

Define the Function: Cerebrospinal fluid

A

surrounds, nourishes and cushions the brain and spinal column

27
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

28
Q

What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected by

A

Corpus Callosum

29
Q

What are each lob of the Cerebrum responsible for

A

Frontal- motor activity, behaviour, memory, speech and learning
Parietal- mostly sensory
Temporal- auditory, language, taste and smell
Occipital- visual areas

30
Q

What are the ridges and grooves in the brain called

A

Ridges- Gyri

Grooves- Sulci

31
Q

Explain: Grey matter

A

The Cortex

  • unmyelinated axons and glia
  • neural cell bodies
  • dendrites
32
Q

Explain: White matter

A

The Medulla

- myelinated axons bundled together

33
Q

Explain: Basal Nuclei

A

centres of grey matter embedded in the white matter

  • for posture, muscle tone, involuntary muscle movements, normal motor functions and skill memory
34
Q

What makes up the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland

35
Q

What is the role of the Hippocampus

A

is responsible for sequential long term memory and planning

36
Q

What is the role of the Amygdala

A

is responsible for short term memory, fear and aggression

37
Q

Explain: Reticular Formation

A

entends through the centre of the pons and medulla

  • filters repetitive stimuli
  • maintains alertness
38
Q

Explain: Cerebellum

A

Controls subconscious, smooth coordinated skeletal muscle contractions, body movements, balance and posture

39
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Primary motor cortex

A

voluntary skeletal muscle

40
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Premotor cortex

A

skilled motor activites

41
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Broca area

A

speech production

42
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Frontal eye field

A

voluntary eye movements

43
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Primary somatosensory cortex

A

location of sensory input on body

44
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Somatosensory association area

A

enables understanding of the object being felt based on shape, texture and size

45
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Primary visual cortex

A

enables vision

46
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Visual association area

A

enables objects to be recognised based on colour, form and movement (inc. memory)

47
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Primary auditory cortex

A

enables sound to be heard

48
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Auditory association area

A

interpretation of the sound

49
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Olfactory cortex

A

perception of smell

50
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Gustatory cortex

A

perception of taste

51
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Visceral sensory area

A

perception of visceral sensation

52
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Prefrontal area

A

intellect, complex learning, recall, personality etc

53
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Wernicke’s area

A

involved in understanding written and spoken language

54
Q

Region of the Brain

Define the Function: Limbic association area

A

incorporates emotion to a situation

55
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for controlling heart rate

A

Medulla

56
Q

Which cerebral lobe is the centre for personality, verbal communication and skeletal muscle control

A

Frontal lobe

57
Q

Neurons

The structures that receive impulses from other Neurons are…

A

dendrites

58
Q

Which meninge forms the tough outer layer covering the brain

A

Dura Mater

59
Q

Define the function: Myelin sheath

A

transmits nerve impulses more rapidly

60
Q

What substances are released across the synaptic cleft to turn electrical signals into chemical ones

A

Neurotransmitters

61
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for the production of speech

A

Brocca’s area

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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