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Bioscience 1 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine is secreted by..

A

Adrenal Medulla

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2
Q

Which hormone is secreted when there is elevated blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

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3
Q

Secretion of calcitonin would result in

A

a decrease in blood calcium levels

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4
Q

The hormone Thyroxine is produced by…

A

Thyroid gland

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5
Q

When there is Low blood pressure what is released

A

Aldosterone

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6
Q

Glucagon is secreted by…

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

Glucagon is secreted when…

A

blood glucose levels decrease

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8
Q

Which hormone is released during the flight or fight respone

A

Epinephrine

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9
Q

What are the 2 categories of hormones

A

Amino acids

Steroids

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10
Q

The target tissue for Antidiuretic hormone is…

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

Oxytocin is stored and released by…

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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12
Q

Insulin is secreted by..

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

Insulin is secreted when…

A

blood glucose levels increase

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14
Q

Oxytocin is synthesised by…

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Melatonin is secreted by…

A

Pineal gland

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16
Q

What is the target tissue for Oxytocin

A

Mammary glands

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17
Q

The secretion of atrial natuiretic peptide (ANP) occurs when there is

A

an elevated blood volume

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18
Q

Parathyroid hormone is secreted when there is…

A

a decrease in blood calcium levels

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19
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the same gland

A

Antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

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20
Q

The Parathyroid Gland secretes what hormone

A

parathyroid hormone

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21
Q

Aldosterone is secreted by…

A

Adrenal Cortex

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22
Q

Define the Function: Prolactin

A

stimulate milk production

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23
Q

What are the organs of the Endocrine System

A 
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
24
Q

Define the Function: Endocrine Glands

A
  • repsorduction
  • Growth and development
  • Maintenance of electrolytes, water and nutrient balance in blood
  • Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
  • Mobilisation of body defences
25
Q

Define: Hormones

A

long distance chemical signals and messengers

26
Q

Define: Amino acids

A

are the majority of hormones, are water soluble and unable to cross the plasma membrane

27
Q

Define: Steroids

A

are synthesised from cholesterol, are lipid soluble and are able to cross the plasma membrane

28
Q

How do hormones only affect their intended target

A

there are cells called target cells with receptors for that particular hormone that are affected

29
Q

What are the 3 stimuli that cause hormone release

A
  • Humoral stimuli (blood levels of ions and nutrients)
  • Neural stimuli (nerve fibres)
  • Hormonal stimuli (other hormones)
30
Q

What are the 6 hormones of the Hypothalamus

A
  1. Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
  2. Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)
  3. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
  4. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
  5. Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)
  6. Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH or dopamine)
31
Q

What are the 2 hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

Antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

32
Q

What are the 5 hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

A
  • Growth Hormone (GH or Somatotropin)
  • Thyroid-stimulating Hormone-TSH (Thyrotropin)-
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone- ACTH (Corticotropin)
  • Gonadotropins - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Prolactin
33
Q

What are the 2 hormones of the Thyroid gland

A
  • Thyroid hormone

- Calcitonin

34
Q

What is the hormone of the Parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone

35
Q

What are the 2 hormones of the Adrenal Medulla

A
  • Epinephrine

- Norepinephrine

36
Q

What are the 3 hormones of the Adrenal Cortex

A
  • mineralocorticoids
  • glucocorticoids
  • gonadocorticoids
37
Q

FSH stimulates…

A

egg or sperm production

38
Q

What hormone is released in response to ACTH and Stress

A

Cortisol

39
Q

The Adrenal Cortex secretes….

A

Cortisol

Aldosterone

40
Q

Relaxin is produced by the…

A

Placenta

41
Q

What is the traget tissue for FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

A

ovary and testes

42
Q

What is the target tissue for Luteinising hormone

A

ovaries and testes

  • triggers ovulation
43
Q

Define the Function: Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

controls metabolic rate and body heat production

44
Q

Thryroid hormones require what electrolyte for formation

A

Iodine

45
Q

Which stress hormones are for long term and short term stress

A

Long term- Cortisol

Short term- Epinephrine

46
Q

The secretion of Aldosterone would result in..

A

increasing sodium and water reabsorption and decreasing urine output

47
Q

A decrease in blood volume and blood pressure would result in the release of..

A

Aldosterone by the adrenal cortex

48
Q

Cortisol is released by…

A

Adrenal Cortex

49
Q

The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of…

A

Cortisol

50
Q

Which gland produces Calcitonin

A

Thyroid gland

51
Q

The secretion of insulin by the pancreas aims to..

A

decease blood glucose levels

52
Q

Under stress, epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by…

A

Adrenal Medulla

53
Q

What is the target tissue for Aldosterone

A

Kidneys

54
Q

The target tissue for ACTH is…

A

Adrenal cortex

55
Q

Which hormone os secreted to enhance the activity of osteoclasts and release calcium into the blood

A

Parathyroid hormone

Bioscience 1 (13 decks)

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