Endocrine System Flashcards
Epinephrine is secreted by..
Adrenal Medulla
Which hormone is secreted when there is elevated blood calcium levels
Calcitonin
Secretion of calcitonin would result in
a decrease in blood calcium levels
The hormone Thyroxine is produced by…
Thyroid gland
When there is Low blood pressure what is released
Aldosterone
Glucagon is secreted by…
Pancreas
Glucagon is secreted when…
blood glucose levels decrease
Which hormone is released during the flight or fight respone
Epinephrine
What are the 2 categories of hormones
Amino acids
Steroids
The target tissue for Antidiuretic hormone is…
Kidneys
Oxytocin is stored and released by…
Posterior pituitary gland
Insulin is secreted by..
Pancreas
Insulin is secreted when…
blood glucose levels increase
Oxytocin is synthesised by…
Hypothalamus
Melatonin is secreted by…
Pineal gland
What is the target tissue for Oxytocin
Mammary glands
The secretion of atrial natuiretic peptide (ANP) occurs when there is
an elevated blood volume
Parathyroid hormone is secreted when there is…
a decrease in blood calcium levels
Which hormones are secreted by the same gland
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
The Parathyroid Gland secretes what hormone
parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone is secreted by…
Adrenal Cortex
Define the Function: Prolactin
stimulate milk production
What are the organs of the Endocrine System
Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovaries Testes
Define the Function: Endocrine Glands
- repsorduction
- Growth and development
- Maintenance of electrolytes, water and nutrient balance in blood
- Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
- Mobilisation of body defences
Define: Hormones
long distance chemical signals and messengers
Define: Amino acids
are the majority of hormones, are water soluble and unable to cross the plasma membrane
Define: Steroids
are synthesised from cholesterol, are lipid soluble and are able to cross the plasma membrane
How do hormones only affect their intended target
there are cells called target cells with receptors for that particular hormone that are affected
What are the 3 stimuli that cause hormone release
- Humoral stimuli (blood levels of ions and nutrients)
- Neural stimuli (nerve fibres)
- Hormonal stimuli (other hormones)
What are the 6 hormones of the Hypothalamus
- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
- Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)
- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
- Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
- Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)
- Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH or dopamine)
What are the 2 hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
What are the 5 hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Growth Hormone (GH or Somatotropin)
- Thyroid-stimulating Hormone-TSH (Thyrotropin)-
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone- ACTH (Corticotropin)
- Gonadotropins - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Prolactin
What are the 2 hormones of the Thyroid gland
- Thyroid hormone
- Calcitonin
What is the hormone of the Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone
What are the 2 hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
What are the 3 hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
- mineralocorticoids
- glucocorticoids
- gonadocorticoids
FSH stimulates…
egg or sperm production
What hormone is released in response to ACTH and Stress
Cortisol
The Adrenal Cortex secretes….
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Relaxin is produced by the…
Placenta
What is the traget tissue for FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
ovary and testes
What is the target tissue for Luteinising hormone
ovaries and testes
- triggers ovulation
Define the Function: Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
controls metabolic rate and body heat production
Thryroid hormones require what electrolyte for formation
Iodine
Which stress hormones are for long term and short term stress
Long term- Cortisol
Short term- Epinephrine
The secretion of Aldosterone would result in..
increasing sodium and water reabsorption and decreasing urine output
A decrease in blood volume and blood pressure would result in the release of..
Aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
Cortisol is released by…
Adrenal Cortex
The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of…
Cortisol
Which gland produces Calcitonin
Thyroid gland
The secretion of insulin by the pancreas aims to..
decease blood glucose levels
Under stress, epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by…
Adrenal Medulla
What is the target tissue for Aldosterone
Kidneys
The target tissue for ACTH is…
Adrenal cortex
Which hormone os secreted to enhance the activity of osteoclasts and release calcium into the blood
Parathyroid hormone
