The Reproductive System Pt.2 - Female Reproductive

Question 1

What’s common about the position of the urinary bladder for the female and male?

Answer 1

Just like in the male, the pubic symphysis is anterior to the urinary bladder

Question 2

In the male reproductive system, the semen goes through the ejaculatory duct while the urine goes through the bladder to both leave the urethra. Is this the same case for the female reproductive system?

Answer 2

In a sense, yes, because the urethra goes from the urinary bladder into the external urethral orifice and the vagina leads into the external urethral orifice too but unlike the males they don’t connect at any point

Question 3

Where is the uterus located with respect to the urinary bladder?

Answer 3

Superior the the urinary bladder; fetus development occurs here

Question 4

Where is the ovary located and what is it used for?

Answer 4

It is found lateral to the uterus (both sides) and this is where the ovum (female gonads) are made

Question 5

What is the fallopian tube and how is it connected to the uterus?

Answer 5

A tube that connects the uterus to the Ovary and leads to the ovum into the uterus to become implanted in its thick muscular walls

Question 6

What is the cervix of the uterus and where is it located?

Answer 6

It is the section that opens into the vagina and is the most posterior section of the uterus

Question 7

Where is the vagina located with respect to the anus and where does it end up at if you follow the pathway?

Answer 7

Located anterior to the anus (separate opening from vagina), inferior to the cervix of the uterus and it ends at the external urethral orifice (just like the urinary bladder)

Note: Like in males w/sperm & ejaculate sharing an exit point but different openings into the exit point (external urethral orifice)

Question 8

What does homolgue mean?

Answer 8

Came developmentally from the same structure & then differentiated into a male or female structure

Question 9

What parts make up the uterus?

Answer 9

Fundus, Body, Vagina, Cervix of Uterus

Question 10

Where is the fundus located?

Answer 10

a dome-shaped portion superior to the uterine
tubes

Question 11

What is the vagina made of?

Answer 11

Fibromuscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

Question 12

What is the body of uterus made of and what is it important for?

Answer 12

Inferior to the fundus of uterus, it is a thick walled organ lined with smooth muscle and helps with contracting to push a baby out

Question 13

How is the Ovary connected to either side of the uterus, and what does it produce?

Answer 13

The Ovary is connected to the uterus via the broad ligament, it is homologous to the males testes & it produces estrogen and progesterone

Question 14

When the ovum is initially released via the ovary how does it travel to the uterus?

Answer 14

From the Ovary, it travels through the fimbriae of uterine tube (finger like projections), then through the infundibulum, the fallopian tube & finally into the uterus

Question 15

Where is the infundibulum located?

Answer 15

Funnel-shape portion more superior-lateral to the fimbriae but is more lateral and superior to the uterine (fallopian) tube

Note: Uterine (fallopian) tube extends medially and eventually inferiorly

Question 16

How long can the ovum spend in the uterine tube?

Answer 16

It can spend several days fertilizing in the uterine tube where it can then travel to the uterus to implant itself into the walls

Question 17

What is the suspensory ligament?

Answer 17

Connects ovary to the side wall of the pelvis

Question 18

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 18

It is a huge of parietal peritoneum loops over uterus, uterine bladder, and uterine tubes & attaches to posterior abdominal wall

Question 19

Which structures make up the vestibule

Answer 19

Vaginal orifice, external urethral orifice, clitoris, hymen, & Labia Minora

Note: Vestibule is where you find all the external structures

Question 20

What is the Labia Minora and where is it located?

Answer 20

Either side of the vestibule and it forms the walls of the vestibule

Question 21

What is homologous to the Labia Minora

Answer 21

Skin of penis

Question 22

What is homologous to the Labia majora, what is it and where is it located?

Answer 22

Homologous to the male scrotum, it is lateral to the labia minora and it is external folds of skin

Note: Labia majora is thicker, has more skin and has more connective tissue for protection

Question 23

What is the mons pubis and where is it located?

Answer 23

It is a fatty tissue area that helps with protection & is anterior to the vestibule

Question 24

What is the clitoris made of and where is it located?

Answer 24

Made of erectile tissue and is internal to the vestibule and is homologous to the penis

Note: Contains a lot of blood vessels to allow for stimulation similar to the penis

Question 25

Where is the External Urethral orifice is located?

Answer 25

Located posterior to the clitoris, anterior to the vaginal orifice. ## Footnote Note: External urethral orifice is where urine exits the body

Question 26

Where is the vaginal orifice located?

Answer 26

Posterior to the external urethral orifice and is opening to the vagina

Question 27

What is the hymen and what happens to it during the first sexual experience

Answer 27

The hymen is a thin membrane covering the opening of the vagina when born; broken usually in the first sexual experience

Question 28

What is the perineum?

Answer 28

Diamond shaped area containing openings to the urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. Makes up floor of the pelvis ## Footnote Note: It contains internal and external vestibule structures

Question 29

The pubic symphysis is located where with respect to the perineum?

Answer 29

Anterior border of the perineum

Question 30

How is the ischial tuberosity involved with the perineum?

Answer 30

Forms the lateral border of the perineum ## Footnote Note: The ischia connect to form another imaginary line dividing the perineum into an anterior and posterior portion

Question 31

What makes up the posterior portion of the perineum?

Answer 31

The coccyx

Question 32

What is the urogenital triangle also called and what does it contain?

Answer 32

Anterior triangle containing the external vestibule structures like (clitoris, labia minora, vaginal orifice, external urethral orifice)

Question 33

What is the posterior triangle also called and what does it contain?

Answer 33

Also known as **Anal triangle** and contains the **anus and external anal sphincter**

Question 34

What muscle makes up the majority of the anal triangle?

Answer 34

Levator ani muscle (makes up pelvic floor too)

Question 35

Which external structures make up the urogenital triangle? Where are they located and name what they are homolgous to

Answer 35

1. Bulb of vestibule - erectile tissue homologous to corpus spongiousum & bulb of penis and it is **deep to labia majora** & **lateral to vestibule** 2. Greater vestibular gland - **posterior and superior to the bulb** and is homologous to **bulbourethal gland** formales which secretes fluids to **cleanse the vagina**

Question 36

Where is the female breast located along with the base of the breast?

Answer 36

On either side of the sternum, lateral to it and the base of the breast is from ribs 2-6 and one to several inches out ## Footnote Note: Runs **medially** from **sternum to** **mid-axillary line** under the **armpit**

Question 37

What is breast tissue composed mainly of?

Answer 37

Adipose tissue and **lactiferous glandular tissue** (deep to the nipple) ## Footnote Note: Hormone stimulates it during pregnancy to produce milk but after baby is born and it starts to suckle on the nipple it induces further hormonal production (different hormones) which makes the milk go out the ducts & out the nipples

Question 38

What is the Areola and where is it located?

Answer 38

Dark pigmentous area that contains oil and sweat glands that keep area lubricated & protects breast tissue and nipple * Located all around the nipple surrounding it