Skeletal System - Bone Classification & Structure Flashcards
Are bones organs and tissues?
Yes; bones are mainly organs made up of bone tissue
Functions of Bone?
Support, Protect, Anchorage, Mineral Factor Storage, Blood cell formation & Triglyceride Storage (both in the marrow), and Hormone production
What are bones classified into?
a) Location
b) Shape
Where are the two locations for where bone may be found?
Axial or Appendicular skeleton
What is the axial skeleton and what makes up the axial skeleton?
it’s the axis around which the body moves; skull, spine, ribs and sternum make up the axial
What is the appendicular skeleton and what makes up the appendicular skeleton?
The appendages that are attached to the axial skeleton; upper limbs and lower limbs as well as shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle
How many shapes of bone are there and what are they named?
5; Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid and Irregular
What are sesamoid bones and where are they usually found?
Sesame shaped bones found in tendons or muscle to provide structural integrity
Structural features of compact bone?
Dense outer layer & appears smooth and solid - outside part of the bone
Structural features of spongy bone?
Inside the bone; internal layer
- contains marrow
- Trabeculae (stripes of bone) form honeycomb structure
What does the long bone consist of?
Epiphysis (distal and proximal), Metaphysis, Diaphysis
What is the diaphysis and what does it hold?
Diaphysis is the middle section of the bone; it’s thick compact bone with spongy bone inside
- Has medullary cavity
What is the metaphysis commonly known for?
Growth of bone happens because of epiphyseal line; when we get taller that is due to the metaphysis extending
What is medullary cavity?
Contains yellow bone marrow in adults
What is the epiphysis?
Found at either end of the bone (hence proximal and distal), it’s a thinner compact with lots of spongy bone inside
What is the epiphyseal line?
Found in the metaphysis it separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis and it’s actually a plate
Why is the epiphyseal line actually a plate at a younger age?
It is a plate because the cartilage is still being ossified (turning to bone); which means the person is still growing
What type of cartilage makes up the long bone at the end?
Hyaline cartilage a.k.a Articular cartilage
What is red marrow commonly known for?
Blood cell production
Where is red marrow found?
Trabecular cavities (spongy bone & medullary cavity) of long and flat bones
How does the medullary cavity store red bone marrow when it’s supposed to store yellow?
As a developing child, your bones would have to physically develop RBC from scratch
What is yellow marrow used for and an example of what it can help with
Fat storage; making a cell membrane
What can yellow marrow do when adults have severe anemia?
Turn back into red marrow to produce more RBC
As an adult, where is red marrow found?
Flat bones and epiphysis of long bones
As a baby where is red marrow located?
Medullary cavity & spongy bone
