Skeletal System - Bone Classification & Structure

Question 1

Are bones organs and tissues?

Answer 1

Yes; bones are mainly organs made up of bone tissue

Question 2

Functions of Bone?

Answer 2

Support, Protect, Anchorage, Mineral Factor Storage, Blood cell formation & Triglyceride Storage (both in the marrow), and Hormone production

Question 3

What are bones classified into?

Answer 3

a) Location
b) Shape

Question 4

Where are the two locations for where bone may be found?

Answer 4

Axial or Appendicular skeleton

Question 5

What is the axial skeleton and what makes up the axial skeleton?

Answer 5

it’s the axis around which the body moves; skull, spine, ribs and sternum make up the axial

Question 6

What is the appendicular skeleton and what makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 6

The appendages that are attached to the axial skeleton; upper limbs and lower limbs as well as shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 7

How many shapes of bone are there and what are they named?

Answer 7

5; Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid and Irregular

Question 8

What are sesamoid bones and where are they usually found?

Answer 8

Sesame shaped bones found in tendons or muscle to provide structural integrity

Question 9

Structural features of compact bone?

Answer 9

Dense outer layer & appears smooth and solid - outside part of the bone

Question 10

Structural features of spongy bone?

Answer 10

Inside the bone; internal layer
- contains marrow
- Trabeculae (stripes of bone) form honeycomb structure

Question 11

What does the long bone consist of?

Answer 11

Epiphysis (distal and proximal), Metaphysis, Diaphysis

Question 12

What is the diaphysis and what does it hold?

Answer 12

Diaphysis is the middle section of the bone; it’s thick compact bone with spongy bone inside
- Has medullary cavity

Question 13

What is the metaphysis commonly known for?

Answer 13

Growth of bone happens because of epiphyseal line; when we get taller that is due to the metaphysis extending

Question 14

What is medullary cavity?

Answer 14

Contains yellow bone marrow in adults

Question 15

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 15

Found at either end of the bone (hence proximal and distal), it’s a thinner compact with lots of spongy bone inside

Question 16

What is the epiphyseal line?

Answer 16

Found in the metaphysis it separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis and it’s actually a plate

Question 17

Why is the epiphyseal line actually a plate at a younger age?

Answer 17

It is a plate because the cartilage is still being ossified (turning to bone); which means the person is still growing

Question 18

What type of cartilage makes up the long bone at the end?

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilage a.k.a Articular cartilage

Question 19

What is red marrow commonly known for?

Answer 19

Blood cell production

Question 20

Where is red marrow found?

Answer 20

Trabecular cavities (spongy bone & medullary cavity) of long and flat bones

Question 21

How does the medullary cavity store red bone marrow when it’s supposed to store yellow?

Answer 21

As a developing child, your bones would have to physically develop RBC from scratch

Question 22

What is yellow marrow used for and an example of what it can help with

Answer 22

Fat storage; making a cell membrane

Question 23

What can yellow marrow do when adults have severe anemia?

Answer 23

Turn back into red marrow to produce more RBC

Question 24

As an adult, where is red marrow found?

Answer 24

Flat bones and epiphysis of long bones

Question 25

As a baby where is red marrow located?

Answer 25

Medullary cavity & spongy bone