Joints

Question 1

What are joints and what is another name for them?

Answer 1

Two bones meet via ligaments; also called articulations

Question 2

Functions of Joints

Answer 2

• Give skeleton mobility
• Holds Skeleton together

Question 3

What are Joints classified by?

Answer 3

Joint Class and Types

Question 4

Joint class includes?

Answer 4

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 5

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 5

• Bones joined by collagen fibres or connective tissue
• Immoveable or slightly moveable

Question 6

What Joint types fall into fibrous joints?

Answer 6

1. Suture
2. Syndesmosis
3. Interosseus membrane

Suture- only in skull; short collagen fibres btwn bones
Syndesmosis - longer and slight movement (in teeth)
Inter. membrane - Longer sheets of connective tissue; slight movement

Question 7

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 7

• Boned joined by cartilage
• Immoveable or slightly moveable

Question 8

What joint types fall under cartilaginous?

Answer 8

• Synchondrosis
• Symphysis
• Epiphyseal

Synchondrosis - 2 bones united by Hyaline cart.
Symphysis - Usually covered in hyaline but material connecting two of them is fibrocartilage
Epiphyseal - hyaline

Question 9

What are synovial joints?

Answer 9

• Bones covered with articular cartilage, separated by joint cavity and enclosed within capsule
• Moves freely

• Majority of joints
• Protects bones from rubbing

Question 10

What is a plane joint?

Answer 10

• Synovial Joint
• Moves in biaxial or triaxial (2 or 3) plane as well as rotate

Commonly in flat surfaces sliding along each other

Question 11

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 11

• Synovial joint
• In interphalangeal joints
• Allows for one plane movement where one bone wraps around edge of another

Question 12

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 12

• Synovial Joint; loosely connected bone held by ligament
• Only does rotation

i.e., pivot joint between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 13

What is a condyloid joint?

Answer 13

• Rounded surface; sits in a shallow cup of another bone
• Biaxial (Two planes; left to right and front to back)
• Synovial Joint

Allows for flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
Found in between radius and scaphoid and lunate bones

Question 14

What is a saddle joint?

Answer 14

• Synovial Joint
• Allows for curved motion and motion in 2 planes

i.e., between trapezium of carpal (wrist) and metacarpal of thumb

Question 15

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 15

• Synovial Joint
• Triaxial; allows movement in all direction
• Ball shaped end of one bone; big broad cup shape of other

Question 16

What is unique about double jointed people?

Answer 16

• Flexible joints because increased flexibility in articular ligaments
• Decreased stability => increased risk of injury

Question 17

What is a cartilage tear?

Common joint injury

Answer 17

• A common overuse injury (esp. knee menisci)
• Fragments of cartilage affect the function of the joint

Question 18

What is a sprain?

Common joint injury

Answer 18

• Ligaments that strengthen joints tear or stretch
• Poor vascularization slows healing

ACL; common ligament tear

Question 19

What is Tendonitis

Answer 19

• Itis meaning inflammation and it is of the tendon
• Overusage of tendon; must rest, ice and use anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 20

What is Arthritis?

Answer 20

• Inflammation of a joint
• Affects joint comfort and function

Causes: Genetics and aging+overuse of the joint